This working paper from AIDD on ‘Preventing Nuclear Use and Dangers: Practical Steps to take forward Implementation of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons’ gives a brief description of steps that need to be taken by nuclear-armed governments. This was published in November 2023 by the UN Office of Disarmament Affairs as TPNW/MSP/2023/NGO/13. The aim was to engage TPNW States Parties and civil society from as many organisations and grassroots activists to focus on practical, achievable steps to prevent nuclear war and make the intentional, inadvertent or mistaken launching of nuclear weapons much more difficult to carry out, including de-alerting and government-government confidence-building measures, and progressive reductions in types and numbers of nuclear weapons in arsenals.