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Disarmament DocumentationBack to Disarmament Documentation 4th Meeting of States Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty, September 16-204th Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction (Ottawa Convention), Geneva, September 16-20. I. UN Press Release'More than 130 countries agree to step up action to ensure success of landmines treaty', UN Press Release DC/2841, September 20. States Parties to the Convention banning anti-personnel mines have confirmed their commitment to take strong action to fulfil the humanitarian aims of the landmark international treaty. "Together we have achieved a great deal in implementing the Convention and promoting its universal acceptance. However, between now and the Convention's first Review Conference in 2004, additional efforts will be required to ensure that the Convention lives up to its humanitarian promise", said Ambassador Jean Lint of Belgium, President of the Fourth Meeting of the States Parties which concluded today. The Fourth Meeting took stock of success in a number of key areas. By the close of the Meeting, 128 States had acceded to the Convention - a remarkable achievement given that the Convention is a little more than five years old. In addition, it was reported that the States parties have destroyed more than 27 million stockpiled anti-personnel mines. The Meeting took equal note of the challenges that remain. "With important deadlines approaching for the destruction of stockpiled mines and mine clearance, we must redouble our efforts to ensure full implementation of this important humanitarian instrument", said Mr. Lint. "In this regard, I am particularly pleased that relevant actors have agreed to be steadfast in ensuring that by the Review Conference a significant renewal of our collective commitment is made to finish the job of eliminating anti-personnel mines." "I am also heartened that States Parties have agreed to urge armed, non-State actors to cease and renounce the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of anti-personnel mines", he said, noting that an increasing number of conflicts are taking place within - rather than between - States. More than 700 delegates representing more than 130 States and dozens of international and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) took part in the Convention's fourth annual meeting. "The participation of such a larger number of actors demonstrates that the unique spirit of this Convention is alive and well", said Mr. Lint. "In addition, the practical-minded approach of the States Parties, which we have seen this week, will serve us well as we continue on the path to eradicating anti-personnel mines." Background InformationNegotiations on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction were completed in Oslo on 18 September 1997. On 1 March 1999 it entered into force, and as of 20 September 2002 128 States had acceded to the Convention. The week of 16-20 September 2002, States Parties to the Convention held their fourth annual meeting in Geneva. A total of 131 States participated in the Meeting: 89 States Parties and 42 observer States. These States were joined by several international organizations, including the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), International Labour Organization (ILO), World Health Organization (WHO), and a large number of NGOs and institutes, including the Nobel Peace Prize Laureate International Campaign to Ban Landmines. Under the presidency of Ambassador Jean Lint of Belgium, the Fourth Meeting held a general exchange of views, in which 69 delegations took part. The Meeting included States Parties agreeing to focus with even greater clarity on the achievement of the Convention's core humanitarian aims: clearing mined land, assisting victims, destroying stockpiled mines and universalizing the ban on anti-personnel mines. States Parties placed a strong emphasis on meeting the four-year deadline for destroying stockpiled mines and the 10-year deadline for clearing mined land. The first deadlines for stockpile destruction occur on 1 March 2003. States Parties took note of the imperative to provide assistance to landmine survivors, especially given the fact that 15,000 to 20,000 landmine victims each year are added to the hundreds of thousands who already live with the disabilities caused by mines. To help ensure the full implementation of the Convention, States Parties placed a renewed emphasis on resource mobilization and the open exchange of information. To promote universal acceptance of the Convention, States Parties took aim at those States that still use, produce or possess anti-personnel mines, and those armed, non-State actors that do the same. The Fourth Meeting demonstrated the continued vibrancy of the Convention's unique culture of practical-mindedness, partnership between States and non-governmental/international organizations, and cooperation between partners from all parts of the world. On the margins of the Fourth Meeting, important discussions were held on promoting adherence to the aims of the Convention by armed, non-State actors and on how demining can be used as a confidence-building measure in peace-processes after internal and inter-State conflicts. States Parties began discussions on preparations for the Convention's First Review Conference, which will be held in 2004. At that time, important gains in addressing the global landmine problem will be required and States Parties accepted that stepped-up action is required. The Meeting agreed to hold the Fifth Meeting of States Parties in Bangkok, Thailand, 15-19 September 2003, and that meetings of the four Standing Committees (on Mine Clearance, Mine Risk Education and Mine Action Technologies; Victim Assistance and Socio-Economic Reintegration; Stockpile Destruction; and General Status and Operation of the Convention) would be held in Geneva, 3-7 February and 12-16 May 2003. II. Closing Press Conference'4MSP Closing Press Conference', Geneva, September 22; International Campaign to Ban landmines (ICBL) website, http://www.icbl.org/news/2002/229.php At the close of the 4MSP [4th Meeting of States parties] on 20 September, Ambassador Jean Lint of Belgium, 4MSP President, held a joint closing press conference with Stephen Goose, Head of the ICBL Delegation, and Apirat Sugondhabirom of Thailand. Ambassador Lint began by saying with the participation of 131 States, the most to attend an annual MSP to date, and over 700 participants, the 4MSP was already a success. With the addition of two new ratifications/accessions this week, the Comores and Cameroun, and with the accession of Afghanistan last week, we now stand at 128 States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Antipersonnel Mines, and On Their Destruction. There are an additional 17 Signatory States and 49 States not Party to the Convention, which is very important for the universalization of the Convention. Emphasis throughout the week was on the core humanitarian obligations and the deadlines outlined in the Convention, particularly the 4 year deadline to destroy stockpiles, which are arriving for 45 States in 2003, and the ten year deadline for clearance of mined areas beginning in 2009. There is no deadline for provision of victim assistance, as landmine survivors will need assistance for their lifetimes. There was an emphasis during the 4MSP on the need to mobilize resources in order for States Parties to be able to meet these obligatory deadlines in the Convention. The 4MSP Final Declaration included a call to Non-State Actors to respect the Convention and it was a stronger call than was contained in the Managua Declaration in 2001. The States welcomed the offer of Thailand to host the 5MSP. Finally, the importance of the 2004 Review Conference was highlighted and a decision taken to begin consultations to establish a preparatory process for the Review Conference. Stephen Goose, Head of the ICBL Delegation at the 4MSP, started by saying this was evidence of the collaborative process between States Parties and the ICBL, because Ambassador Lint had just said what ICBL would say! Mr. Goose stressed the critical importance of the partnership between governments and civil society, which has been the hallmark of the "Ottawa Process" and the continued key to its success. He said that overall the 4MSP had been a very good week and really shown that the world is embracing a comprehensive ban on antipersonnel mines (APMs). Regarding universalization, it was very important that the Comores and Cameroun had now joined the Convention and extremely important that both Afghanistan and Angola have recently joined the Convention, as they are two of the most mine-affected countries in the world. The process leading up to the annual Meetings of States Parties often results in more countries joining the Convention. Of particular importance is the fact that Afghanistan, Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo are countries that have recently used APMs and are no longer using them. This again shows the power of the mine ban movement. There are an increasing number of States Parties and even States not Party to the Convention are respecting the obligations not to use, produce or transfer APMs. Several countries confirmed they would soon be joining the Convention, including Turkey and Greece, Lithuania and Belarus and Ukraine. In the case of Belarus, they stated they would join when they feel comfortable that they would receive adequate funding for stockpile destruction. There was a good deal of discussion during the 4MSP about the funding issue, following the Landmine Monitor Report 2002 finding that global funding for mine action had stagnated between 2000-2001, rather than increasing significantly as it has each year. This was met with a concrete response from the 4MSP, with the establishment of a Resource Mobilization Contact Group, proposed by Norway. This was a very encouraging development. There was a strong focus during the 4MSP on the stockpile destruction (4 years) and mine clearance (10 years) deadlines contained in the Convention, with the importance of meeting these deadlines being emphasized. Another concrete response during the 4MSP was the establishment of a Stockpile Destruction Contact Group. The ICBL is particularly concerned about Djibouti, whose deadline is approaching quickly on 1 March 2003, as they have not reported on their stockpiles given that they have not filed the obligatory Article 7 report. There is also a concern about Turkmenistan, which also has a 1 March 2003 deadline. Turkmenistan reported a stockpile of 700,000 mines in October 2001 and had asked for a 7-year extension to destroy their mines. When informed that there is no provision in the Convention for an extension on stockpile destruction deadlines, Turkmenistan then said they would meet the deadline. Regarding the 10-year deadline for clearance of mined areas, there was a renewed sense of urgency which emerged during the 4MSP, as at the present pace of clearance, several countries may not be able to meet this deadline. There is, however, provision in the Convention for a ten-year extension on mine clearance, though States must make clear that they have made their best effort to meet the deadline and give clear reasons on why this is not possible. The importance of assistance for mine clearance, mine risk education, stockpile destruction and victim assistance was stressed throughout the 4MSP. Regarding Non-State Actors (NSAs), the ICBL and the Geneva Call held a briefing for 4MSP delegates, with NSA representatives from Iraq and Sudan on the panel. This helped to spur new language in the Final Declaration urging NSAs to cease using APMs and to respect the terms of the Convention, even though they are not Party. The presence of landmine survivors from Africa at the 4MSP through the "Raising the Voices" programme had a powerful impact, as always. As Mr. Goose said, "That is what our work is all about." The ICBL is very pleased that Thailand has accepted to host the 5MSP. It is an important tradition to rotate the annual Meetings of States Parties between Geneva and a mine-affected country. The FMSP was held in Mozambique and the 3MSP was held in Nicaragua. In closing, Mr. Goose stated that the 4MSP had issued a strong Final Declaration, as well as a President's Action Programme, which set the stage for continued progress on fully implementing the Convention. "This demonstrates a reaffirmation of political will to move us closer to our goal of a Mine Free World." Mr. Apirat Sugondhabhirom of Thailand stated that Thailand is honored to have been chosen to host the 5MSP. Thailand is well aware of the devastation caused by antipersonnel mines and the needs of landmine victims, as they have many in their own country and region. Thailand hopes to raise awareness about the mines problem in the Asia-Pacific region during the lead-up to the 5MSP, thereby enhancing universalization efforts in the region. Even though Thailand, as a tourist destination, is well known for its smiles, succulent food and scenic beauty, Thailand realized this is a very serious business and will make every effort to make the 5MSP a success next year. Questions from the Media:Q: Regarding the lack of funding, could you elaborate on that and explain what that means in terms of mine clearance, stockpile destruction and what is needed? A: Amb. Lint: There are 69 countries (45 in 2003 and 24 in 2004) which need to destroy their APM stockpiles of approximately 1.5 million APMs before the 2004 Review Conference. There is not really a lack of funding for mine clearance, but rather more resources are needed because of the 2009 deadline for mine clearance. Goose: It is not possible to put a dollar figure on what the global needs are because we do not have a clear picture of the scope of the problem. The Landmine Impact Surveys are beginning to give us a better picture. During 2001, there was a total of 237 million US dollars pledged for mine action. Previously there had been a desire to raise one billion dollars per year as the target, so it is obvious more funds are needed. It is important to note that mine action and victim assistance are long-term commitments and there is a need to increase the current levels of support. Q: Do you have a message you want to send to the Security Council members who cannot bring themselves to put pen to paper on the Convention? A: Goose: "I'll be happy to answer that one! Our message to all governments has always been 'Ban Them Now'!" We consider any use of antipersonnel mines to be illegal under existing International Humanitarian Law, independent of the Mine Ban Convention. All States are obligated not to use APMs and those who have expressed they are in favor of joining the Convention should do so immediately. It is sometimes overstated about the importance of the United States, Russia and China joining the Convention. Of course, we want them to join and eventually they will. But it is more important to have Angola and Afghanistan join because those are countries where antipersonnel mines have been used the most and where they have the most landmine victims. Amb Lint: The States Parties at the 4MSP called strongly on the 14 remaining producers of antipersonnel mines and on those who use and/or stockpile antipersonnel mines to stop. Increased efforts will be made on bilateral and regional levels to encourage this. Q: Are you in touch with the producers? A: Goose: There was a campaign in the US to stigmatize producers and we succeeded in convincing many of them to no longer produce APMs or component parts. However, given that most APM producers are state-owned enterprises, the approaches need to be made directly to the governments concerned and not to the manufacturers. © 2002 The Acronym Institute. |