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Disarmament DocumentationBack to Disarmament Documentation UN General Assembly General Debate, September 21 - September 30, 2004: Excerpts on Disarmament, Non-Proliferation & International SecurityUnited Nations General Assembly, 59th Session, General Debate, September 2004, last updated, October 1, 2004. Notes: the President of the 59th Session of the United Nations General Assembly is Mr Jean Ping, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Gabonese Republic. See also:
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UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, September 21'Rule of Law at Risk around the World, says Secretary-General in Address to General Assembly', UN Press Release SG/SM/9491 GA/10258, September 21. ...today, more than ever, the world needs an effective mechanism through which to seek common solutions to common problems. That is what this Organization was created for. Let’s not imagine that, if we fail to make good use of it, we will find any more effective instrument. This time next year you will be meeting to review progress in the implementation of the Millennium Declaration. By then I hope you will be ready to take bold decisions together on the full range of issues covered in the Millennium Declaration, helped by the report of the eminent Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, which will be available before the end of this year. As I said a year ago, we have reached a fork in the road. If you, the political leaders of the world, cannot agree or reach agreement on the way forward, history will take the decisions for you, and the interests of your peoples may go by default. Today I will not seek to prejudge those decisions, but to remind you of the all-important framework in which they should be taken - namely, the rule of law, at home and in the world. The vision of “a government of laws and not of men” is almost as old
as civilization itself. In a hallway not far from this podium is a replica
of the code of laws promulgated by Hammurabi more than 3,000 years ago,
in the land we now call Much of Hammurabi’s code now seems impossibly harsh. But etched into its tablets are principles of justice that have been recognised, if seldom fully implemented, by almost every human society since his time: Legal protection for the poor. Restraints on the strong, so that they cannot oppress the weak. Laws publicly enacted, and known to all. That code was a landmark in mankind’s struggle to build an order where, instead of might making right, right would make might. Many nations represented in this chamber can proudly point to founding documents of their own that embody that simple concept. And this Organization – your United Nations –- is founded on the same simple principle. Yet today the rule of law is at risk around the world. Again and again, we see fundamental laws shamelessly disregarded – those that ordain respect for innocent life, for civilians, for the vulnerable – especially children. To mention only a few flagrant and topical examples: In In In northern In Beslan, we have seen children taken hostage and brutally massacred. In And all over the world we see people being prepared for further such acts, through hate propaganda directed at Jews, Muslims, against anyone who can be identified as different from one’s own group. No cause, no grievance, however legitimate in itself, can begin to justify such acts. They put all of us to shame. Their prevalence reflects our collective failure to uphold the rule of law, and instil respect for it in our fellow men and women. We all have a duty to do whatever we can to restore that respect. To do so, we must start from the principle that no one is above the law, and no one should be denied its protection. Every nation that proclaims the rule of law at home must respect it abroad; and every nation that insists on it abroad must enforce it at home. Yes, the rule of law starts at home. But in too many places it remains elusive. Hatred, corruption, violence and exclusion go without redress. The vulnerable lack effective recourse, and the powerful manipulate laws to retain power and accumulate wealth. At times even the necessary fight against terrorism is allowed to encroach unnecessarily on civil liberties. At the international level, all States – strong and weak, big and small – need a framework of fair rules, which each can be confident that others will obey. Fortunately, such a framework exists. From trade to terrorism, from the law of the sea to weapons of mass destruction, States have created an impressive body of norms and laws. This is one of our Organization’s proudest achievements. And yet this framework is riddled with gaps and weaknesses. Too often it is applied selectively, and enforced arbitrarily. It lacks the teeth that turn a body of laws into an effective legal system. Where enforcement capacity does exist, as in the Security Council, many feel it is not always used fairly or effectively. Where the rule of law is most earnestly invoked, as in the Commission on Human Rights, those invoking it do not always practise what they preach. Those who seek to bestow legitimacy must themselves embody it; and those who invoke international law must themselves submit to it. Just as, within a country, respect for the law depends on the sense that all have a say in making and implementing it, so it is in our global community. No nation must feel excluded. All must feel that international law belongs to them, and protects their legitimate interests. Rule of law as a mere concept is not enough. Laws must be put into practice, and permeate the fabric of our lives. It is by strengthening and implementing disarmament treaties, including their verification provisions, that we can best defend ourselves against the proliferation – and potential use – of weapons of mass destruction. It is by applying the law that we can deny financial resources and safe havens to terrorists – an essential element in any strategy for defeating terrorism. It is by reintroducing the rule of law, and confidence in its impartial application, that we can hope to resuscitate societies shattered by conflict. It is the law, including Security Council resolutions, which offers the
best foundation for resolving prolonged conflicts – in the And it is by rigorously upholding international law that we can, and must, fulfil our responsibility to protect innocent civilians from genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. As I warned this Assembly five years ago, history will judge us very harshly if we let ourselves be deflected from this task, or think we are excused from it, by invocations of national sovereignty... The Security Council has just requested me to appoint an international
commission to investigate reports of human rights violations in The African Union has nobly taken the lead and the responsibility in
providing monitors and a protective force in Darfur – as well as seeking
a political settlement, which alone can bring lasting peace and security
to that society. But we all know the present limitations of this new-born
Last month, I promised the Security Council that I would make the Organization’s work to strengthen the rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies a priority for the remainder of my tenure. By the same token, I urge you to do more to foster the rule of law at home and abroad. I ask all of you here today to take advantage of the arrangements we have made for you to sign treaties on the protection of civilians – treaties that you yourselves negotiated – and then, go back home, and implement them fully and in good faith. And I implore you to give your full support to the measures I shall bring before you, during this session, to improve the security of United Nations staff. Those non-combatants, who voluntarily put themselves in harm’s way to assist their fellow men and women, surely deserve your protection, as well as your respect. Throughout the world, Excellencies, the victims of violence and injustice are waiting. They are waiting for us to keep our word. They notice when we use words to mask inaction. They notice when laws that should protect them are not applied. I believe we can restore and extend the rule of law throughout the world. But ultimately, that will depend on the hold that the law has on our consciences. This Organization was founded in the ashes of a war that brought untold sorrow to mankind. Today we must look again into our collective conscience, and ask ourselves whether we are doing enough. Each generation has its part to play in the age-old struggle to strengthen the rule of law for all – which alone can guarantee freedom for all. Let our generation not be found wanting. Source: http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2004/sgsm9491.doc.htm Afghanistan: H.E. Hâmid Karzai, President of the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan, September 21'Statement by H.E. Hâmid Karzai President of the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan', September 21, 2004. "...We have also taken steps towards disarming, demobilizing and reintegrating private militias. Nearly all of the heavy weapons have been collected from the city of Kabul, and thousands of former combatants have been disarmed in various parts of the country..." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/afgeng040921.pdf Albania: H. E. Mr. Fatos Nano, Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania, September 21'Address by H. E. Mr. Fatos Nano Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania to the General Debate of the 59th Session of the United Nations General Assembly', September 21, 2004. "...Determined to give its contribution to the regional and global security, the Albanian Government has considered the country's integration into NATO as one of its major objectives. The Istanbul Summit last June hailed the progress made by Albania on the path to the implementation of its national program and encouraged the deepening of reforms. It welcomes the country's contribution to the regional stability and cooperation and expressed its commitment to assess the further progress of the country at the next NATO summit, in which we hope to start negotiations for becoming a full member of the Alliance. We believe that the commitments set up in the framework of the Adriatic Charter are also contributing to meet the NATO standards and to the regional stability. "The Albanian Government has been constantly committed to making its contribution as an active member of the international coalition against terrorism. It has its peace keeping troops in Iraq and Afghanistan. It has signed and ratified, and now is implementing the 12 United Nations Conventions and Protocols against terrorism. It is doing the same with the relevant resolutions of the UN Security Council, cooperating closely with the structures established under these resolutions and presenting regular reports to them. The Albanian Government salutes the decision of the Security Council to play an active role in the fight against threats coming from possession and trafficking of weapons of mass destruction. It supports the UN Security Council Resolution 1540 of 2004. Albania has, on the other hand, taken all measures for the implementation of the Code of Conduct on Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources of the IAEA, convinced that this international instrument is extremely important to prevent threats stemming from misuse of radioactive materials. Albania has already taken the decision and in the coming weeks will sign the Additional Protocol to the Safeguards Agreement of the IAEA. "This year Albania also joined the Proliferation Security Initiative whose aim is to identify, through a set of principles, concrete steps to prevent trafficking of WMD, their launching systems and materials used to produce them... "The Albanian Government has welcomed the unanimous adoption of the Security Council Resolution 1546 of 8 June on Iraq, approving the provisional government of Iraq and transferring over to it the authority and sovereignty, the independence and territorial integrity of Iraq, the control of the Iraqi Government of the armed forces and the holding of democratic elections in January 2005 . The progress made in Iraq is due to the cooperation between the Iraqi government forces and those of the coalition. We would wish however to see a lowering of tensions and stop to violence, increased security to bring about stability and establish a democratic society. We condemn the strategy of violence and hostage taking to achieve political goals sometime cloaked under a religious veil, and join the voice of the international community to immediately stop these acts. The Albanian Government supports the efforts of the United Nations in providing the assistance necessary to build national democratic institutions in Iraq and the holding of free and democratic elections early next year..." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/albeng040921.pdf Andorra: H.E. Mr Marc Forné Molné, September 22"...we are living with considerable concern in a world which is becoming more and more violent, where terrorist attacks are met by a military response and these military responses seem to generate new terrorist attacks. It would seem that we are caught up in a terrible settling of scores, in a spiral of hate, fanaticism and senseless bloodshed... "the notion of preemptive war has shaken us all. The principle of "attack before you are attacked" is no new invention. But it seemed that it was a tribal memory or a type of behavior more proper to other times which were none too remote in the history of Europe itself. "The big questions are: What justifies a preemptive attack? Which country or countries pose a sufficient threat to allow taking such a risk? Why attack one country and not another, perhaps equally dangerous one? Are the sufferings of some people more meaningful than the sufferings of others and consequently more deserving of action? Should the conventions of international law be cast aside by members of the United Nations as well as by lawless terrorists? "...For the countries with a deep respect and admiration for the history of freedom of the United States - and Andorra counts itself among these countries - it is a source of consternation to note that the doctrine of preemptive attack has generated a level of distrust among governments and peoples. After the worldwide outpouring of sympathy which followed the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, this altered perception is profoundly troubling... "We need to address the causes of terrorism, to comprehend the forces that give it power, in order to respond, together, within the rule of law... "To allow each member of the international community to realize that what happens to others can also happen to us creates a basis for tolerance and understanding. How much stronger could we become in fighting terrorism by truly acting together, all the countries represented at the United Nations. A Security Council strengthened by a common will to root out terrorism could do much more than single actions supported by few governments." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/andeng040922.pdf Australia: H.E. Mr. John Dauth, Chairman of the Delegation, September 30"The proliferation of WMD is another urgent concern. "Unless we act firmly and with unity, terrorist groups could one day acquire WMD with disastrous consequences. As a threat to international security the issue of WMD proliferation falls squarely within the Security Council’s mandate. "We welcome adoption of UNSCR 1540 as a demonstration of the Council’s willingness to engage on WMD proliferation, including the risk of WMD terrorism. "We hope that with adoption of this resolution the Council will take a firmer and more active stance on WMD issues. "As part of our commitment to combating the risk of nuclear terrorism, Australia will host an Asia-Pacific Ministerial conference in November on nuclear safeguards and security. "And, in this year’s First Committee, we – along with Turkey and Argentina – will introduce a resolution on “Prevention of the Illicit Transfer and Unauthorised Access to and Use of Man-Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS)”. "We hope for consensus adoption of this resolution, which encourages states to take concrete steps to prevent MANPADS falling into the hands of non-state end-users. " Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/austraeng040930.pdf Austria: H.E. Dr. Benita Ferrero-Waldner Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Austria, September 23"Austria feels honoured and privileged to host one of the UN's headquarters. This year, we celebrate the 25th anniversary of the opening of the Vienna International Centre, home to many UN-Institutions. The work of these organizations with respect to nuclear non-proliferation, the IAEA and the CTBTO PrepCom, as well as UNIDO's development cooperation, as well as the fight against `uncivil society´ by the UNODC, contribute substantially to the international community' s efforts to confront the world's new security threats... "The proliferation of small arms and light weapons continues to be a serious threat to human security. The UN-Programme of Action against the illicit trade of those weapons must be strengthened. First steps have already been taken with regard to the problem of marking and tracing of weapons, steps that may lead to a legally binding regime. "Austria is honoured to chair the first Review Conference of the Antipersonnel Mine Ban Convention in Nairobi later this year where the International Community will chart a course for the solution of the landmine problem in the coming years. The Mine Ban Convention has become a true example of a successful and effective multilateral approach to address a global problem. I encourage all States to participate at the Nairobi Summit at the highest possible level... "I would like to announce today that I have launched a discourse on the role and function of the Security Council in the strengthening of a rules-based international system. As a first step, we will organize a panel of international legal experts during the "International Law Week" at the UN here in New York in November of this year, which will analyze the increasing law-making tendency of the Security Council." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/auseng040923.pdf Bahamas: H.E. The Honourable Frederick Mitchell, MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Public Service, September 30"I wish also to highlight the region's efforts to designate the Caribbean Sea as a Special Area in the context of sustainable development. We also reiterate our grave concern over the serious threat posed to the security and economic development of Caribbean countries by the transshipment of nuclear waste through the Caribbean Sea, and continue to call on States involved in transshipments to desist from this practice." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/baheng040930.pdf Bangladesh: Mr. M. Morshed Khan, M.P Honourable Foreign Minister, People's Republic of Bangladesh, September 23"We believe that the UN provides an essential political and diplomatic framework for actions of all its members including the most powerful. Bangladesh has refused to be drawn into the debate over the relevance of the UN. International law and legitimacy cannot be anything but relevant. Use of force without the authorization of the UN Security Council cannot render the UN meaningless. The events in Iraq vindicates this. We laud the UN for its strong advocacy against unilateralism in the interest of a just global order... "We believe that there is a direct relationship between disarmament and development. Bangladesh is party to all major international Conventions and Treaties on disarmament. We have denounced all weapons of mass destruction. Our geographical location makes nuclear weapons a direct and legitimate cause for concern for us in the South Asia region. Bangladesh therefore, supports all measures partial and otherwise towards arms control, conventional and nuclear disarmament." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/baneng040923.pdf Belarus: H.E. Mr. Sergei Martynov, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Belarus, September 29"On March 1, 2004 the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction entered into force for our country. We have the world’s seventh largest arsenal of such mines which we inherited from the former Soviet Union. We do not produce, export or use antipersonnel land mines. Yet, guided by common interests, we have ratified the Ottawa Convention and count on the assistance of the international community in destroying this mine stockpile. "In a day we will deposit our instruments of ratification and accession of the Republic of Belarus to such important international instruments in the sphere of security as the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and the Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime... "Our country also plays a major role in the Eurasian transit of energy resources. From this rostrum, we propose to all our neighbors, to the NATO and to the European Union to engage in regional cooperation to secure critical infrastructure installations: oil and gas pipelines, electrical and nuclear power stations... "Affected and still experiencing the effects of the Chernobyl disaster, Belarus acutely realizes that mankind should not ignore the problem of radiation safety. The aftermath of radiological disasters is out of proportion – in its scale and duration – if compared to a human life span. The UN should by all means preserve its focus on the problem of overcoming the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster. It is necessary to develop further international Chernobyl cooperation, to provide UN support to the national initiatives and to improve coordination mechanisms of Chernobyl cooperation. "We support the activity of the International Agency on Atomic Energy aimed at maintaining nuclear non-proliferation regime, strengthening of nuclear and radiation safety. A look into the future and a search for ways of providing people living in the contaminated areas with normal living conditions will be the main subject of the international conference planned to be held in Minsk in 2006 on the eve of a tragic anniversary of Chernobyl disaster. We invite all interested states and international organizations to take part in preparation and proceedings of this conference." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/belaeng040929.pdf
Belgium: H.E. Mr. Karel de Gucht, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Belgium, September 24"The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction poses a serious threat to world security. "The regime of non-proliferation is jeopardized. "North Korea must regain its place within this regime without delay. "The Islamic Republic of Iran is located in a region full of tension and its security concerns are legitimate. The International Community should take this into account. "On their part, the Iranian Authorities must cooperate entirely with the AIEA and cease all activities linked to the enrichment of uranium. "Iran will thus contribute significantly to the stabilization and the prosperity of the region." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/beleng040924.pdf Belize: H.E. Mr. Stuart Leslie, Chairman of the Delegation, Belize, September 30"In our own community of small states, we face the most serious threat to our peoples' security caused by the proliferation of small arms and light weapons that claim the lives of so many of our people daily; arms that come from countries that must be called upon to live up to their responsibility to cooperate with us to stem the flow of these lethal weapons and enter into legally binding agreements for the effective registration and monitoring of transfers of these weapons of widespread destruction. An International Convention to achieve this must be put on our urgent agenda." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/belieng040930.pdf Brazil, H.E. Luiz Inàcio Lula da Silva, President of the Federative Republic of Brazil, September 21"The profound causes of our insecurity are complex. The necessary fight against terrorism cannot be conceived strictly in military terms. We must develop strategies that encompass both solidarity and firmness, while strictly respecting international law..." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/braeng040921.pdf Cambodia: H.E. Mr. HOR Namhong, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of State, Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, September 27"Cambodia continues to support the peace talks, particularly the Six-Party Talks convening by China and the ongoing dialogue between North and South Korea. Cambodia also welcomes the talks between the People's Democratic Republic of Korea and Japan on the sideline of the Six-Party Talks. Cambodia believes that constructive dialogue and consultation among the parties involved are the only choice for a peaceful resolution of the problem." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/cambeng040927.pdf Canada: the Right Honorable Paul Martin, Prime Minister of Canada, September 22"...The primary responsibility for the protection of a state's own population lies with the state itself, and we are not arguing for a unilateral right to intervene in one country whenever another country feels like it. It is always preferable to have multilateral authority for intervention in the affairs of a sovereign state. What we seek is the evolution of international law and practice so that multilateral action may be taken in situations of extreme humanitarian emergency... "The Security Council should establish new thresholds for when the international community judges that civilian populations face extreme threats; for exploring non-military and, if necessary, proportionate military options to protect civilians. The responsibility to protect is not a license for intervention; it is an international guarantor of political accountability. "The second area is the Responsibility to Deny"; it encompasses the need to ensure that weapons of mass destruction do not spread to states or terrorists prepared to use them under any circumstances, and especially against innocent civilians. Non-proliferation and disarmament remain fundamental pillars of the UN's commitment to international peace and security. "In both cases multilateralism has been challenged by dramatic changes in the security climate, and there is a clear need to make our systems stronger and more responsive. Strict verification is the key. "The UN's nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency, needs stronger tools and political support. We need more rigorous controls on sensitive nuclear technology, and the Security Council must be prepared to deal with noncompliance effectively. The fact is that determined proliferators such as North Korea have been able to circumvent their treaty obligations. Iranian nuclear ambitions represent a serious proliferation risk. We need a multilateral watchdog to assist the Security Council in resolving weapons-related issues in states of concern. "The UN should establish a permanent inspection and verification mechanism that can reinforce and supplement existing verification systems. "More generally, and to show how far we have to go on the disarmament agenda, and on the responsibility to deny, the UN Conference on Disarmament, charged with the responsibility for negotiating new multilateral instruments, has not even been able to agree on a work plan since 1998. The conference must get back to productive work... "Space is our final frontier. It has always captured our imagination. What a tragedy it would be if space became one big weapons arsenal and the scene of a new arms race. "In 1967, the United Nations agreed that weapons of mass destruction must not be based in space. The time has come to extend this ban to all weapons..." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/caneng040922.pdf Chile: H.E. Mr. Ricardo Lagos Escobar, President of Chile, September 21"Last year, with regard to Iraq, we said that only the United Nations could give the necessary legitimacy for the use of force and for dealing with threats to peace in an effective and united way... "If we wish to strengthen multilateralism, reform of the United Nations is becoming increasingly necessary. While its ideals and founding purposes remain valid, the structure of power upon which the Organization was built at its inception corresponds to a world that is very different from today's world. "We need not only to expand the Security Council to make it more democratic. Comprehensive reform of the Organization is also needed. "In addition, the United Nations needs specialization, not a proliferation of similar institutions. It needs greater accountability and a more transparent system of recruitment. It needs to derive the maximum benefit from every last cent that it spends... "The world today needs more and not less United Nations. More and not less multilateralism..." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/chileng040921.pdf China: H.E. Mr. Li Zhaoxing, Minister for Foreign Affairs, China, September 27"The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction poses a threat to world peace and security. Non-proliferation efforts, therefore, require participation of all members of the international community. It is likewise important to discard unilateralism and double standards and give full credit and full play to the role of the UN. "China takes an active part in multilateral non-proliferation efforts and firmly defends the international regime of arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation treaties. China holds that multilateral arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation processes be steadily promoted so as to further improve the international non-proliferation regime... "China will, as always, work to resolve the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula through dialogue and talks in the interest of peace and stability on the Peninsula. Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/chieng040927.pdf Costa Rica: H.E. Dr. Abel Pacheco de la Espriella, President of Costa Rica, September 21"As pointedly noted by Dr. Oscar Arias, former president of Costa Rica and Nobel Peace prize, "the billions of dollars spent every year on weapons and on military contingents deprive the world's poorest peoples of the chance of fulfilling their basic needs." "In this regard, Costa Rica fully supports the draft Framework Convention on International Arms Transfers. That project, based on the obligations already undertaken by states, seeks to regulate the export of weapons, their marking and tracing, in order to prevent any arms transfers to terrorist and rebel groups and to those states that breach international humanitarian law or basic human rights principles. "I respectfully urge all UN states member to adopt this international law instrument. I am convinced that it will contribute substantially to our struggle against the illicit traffic of weapons around the world..." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/coseng040921.pdf Croatia: H.E. Dr. Ivo Sander, Prime Minister of the Republic of Croatia, September 22"...Equally dangerous is the threat of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). We must resort to all means required to prevent the proliferation of these vehicles of death. If synergized — terrorism and WMD - they could bring upon mankind a level of destruction of an unforeseeable scale. "Therefore, we must not relax our efforts in the fight against global terrorism. Nor can we neglect the fatal impact of weapons of mass destruction. This has to remain at the top of our priorities; any hesitation to address these issues in a timely and appropriate manner could have unforgiving consequences. "Croatia commends and fully supports the ongoing activities of the Counter-Terrorism Committee, and welcomes its recent reform. However, the Committee has to improve its outreach in order to provide a comprehensive and truly effective multilateral response to this precarious scourge. We equally recognize the importance of the Security Council Committee established by the Resolution 1540 with the goal of stopping the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and expect to see all countries submitting their first reports on the matter... "My country considers arms control to be a pivotal instrument of its security policy. I would like to reiterate our continued support for the further strengthening of major international disarmament and non-proliferation instruments, such as the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). We expect concrete results from the upcoming NPT Review Conference in 2005. "Croatia has consistently supported bringing into force the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) and we call on those that have not yet done so to sign and ratify the CTBT as soon as possible. My country believes that particular emphasis should be placed on establishing and refining effective verification mechanisms for the CTBT and the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. "We encourage those countries that have not signed or ratified the Ottawa Convention to do so without delay. As a country that has directly experienced the disastrous effect of landmines, Croatia is particularly concerned with the continuation of their spread. "Equal importance should be given to efforts to prevent illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons. Their uncontrolled proliferation not only fuels regional conflicts, but also plays a considerable role in terrorism, drug trafficking and organized crime. Croatia has achieved commendable progress in this field and is prepared to assist others, both in our region and beyond..." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/croeng040922.pdf Cuba: H.E. Mr. Felipe Perez Roqeu, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Cuba, September 24"General and complete disarmament, including nuclear disarmament, is Impossible today. It is the responsibility of a group of developed countries that are the ones that most sell and buy weapons. "However, we must continue to strive for it. We must demand that the over US$ 900 billion set aside every year for military expenditures be used on development..." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/cubeng040924.pdf Denmark: H.E. Dr. Per Stig Moller, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Denmark, September 23"Terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction are serious threats to peace and security and impede progress towards stability and prosperity... "...we must strengthen international agreements to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Denmark therefore supports Security Council resolution 1540, and looks forward to its full implementation." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/deneng040923.pdf Djibouti: H.E. Ismail Omar Guelleh, President of the Republic of Djibouti, September 22"...While there exist enough examples of state terrorism, terrorism has become essentially stateless, and is able to melt away at a moment's notice while enlisting participation across borders, nationalities and inclinations. Although there is no disputing the fact that it must be confronted promptly and vigorously, the knee-jerk reaction of crushing it militarily fails to address its many manifestations, or get at its roots and causes... "Conflict, of course, requires weapons; and reducing this peril calls for a halt in arms shipments. These shipments divert vital resources from other critical needs. The countries of Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa spend some $ 22 billion for arms each year, more than two thirds the value of arms deliveries worldwide... "Action "by all means" must increasingly come to mean through the United Nations. This is the only path that confers a degree of legitimacy for any actions taken. UN action usually means Security Council approval..." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/djieng040922.pdf Dominica: H.E. Mr. Roosevelt Skerrit, Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Dominica, September 24"In the Caribbean region, as well as other regions of the world, we are witnessing the devastating impact of the proliferation of small arms. As a consequence, crime rates are increasing and civil conflicts are on the upsurge, which threaten the stability and security of developing countries such as mine. "We therefore call for early conclusion of the negotiations of a legally binding international instrument to control the indiscriminate supply of small arms and light weapons to non-state actors." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/domeng040924.pdf Egypt: H.E. Mr. Ahmed Aboul Gheit, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Egypt, September 24"The main threat to the Middle East, and perhaps adjacent regions as well, flows from the continued acquisition by some of nuclear weapons. While we all agree on the dangers of those weapons, and the need to halt their proliferation, as a step towards their elimination and ridding humanity of the threats they pose, the international community continues to be selective in addressing the question of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs). The international community seeks to impose a firm regime to monitor the imports of all the member states of the non-proliferation regime, among them are all the Arab states. The same international community, however, turns a blind eye at the continued stockpiling of nuclear capabilities by one party in the region . "I invite all of us to ask with me, or to answer if we will, if it is acceptable for the dangers of the nuclear proliferation to continue to prevail in the Middle East. I leave it to all of you to decide whether the international approach in addressing this question is fair or is it one of double standards? Whether such an approach is capable of addressing those dangers and threats? Whether we are in urgent need for a radical change to the current approach? "The continued application of double standards will lead not only to the aggravation of the risks of nuclear proliferation and to the weakening of the conviction of the seriousness and centrality of the international regime governing this question, but will also lead to the fueling the tense situation in the Middle East. Therefore, and in order to ease that tension and to avert those dangers, President Mubarak launched in 1990 Egypt's initiative to create a Middle East a zone free from WMDs." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/egyeng040924.pdf Finland: H.E. Tarja Halonen, President of the Republic of Finland, September 21"...Before the war in Iraq, the international community failed, however. Conflicting national interests prevailed over common will. There was not enough commitment to act within the boundaries of Security Council resolutions. Some nations resorted to use of force, which was not compatible with international law." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/fineng040921.pdf France: H.E. Mr. Michel Barnier, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Republic of France, September 23"Global threats require a strong, and always collective, response. The threat of proliferation, which is liable to merge with terrorism, calls for resolute and sustained action. The nonproliferation regime has been seriously undermined by the combined action of certain states and non-state actors. That is why strengthening the existing instruments is essential. The NPT review conference in 2005 will be an opportunity to do so... "In Iraq, violence is exploding. Only when the Iraqis themselves take control of their future and when the political process provided for by the Security Council continues will the country be able to escape the chaos which is destabilizing the entire region. France, as everyone knows, did not approve of the conditions in which the conflict was unleashed. Neither today, nor tomorrow will it commit itself militarily in Iraq. However, it reaffirms its willingness, with its European partners, to assist the Iraqi people in rebuilding their country and restoring their institutions." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/fraeng040923.pdf Georgia: H.E. Mikheil Saakashvili, President of Georgia, September 21"Today more than ever before, I want to underscore Georgia's readiness to work more closely with President Putin and the Russian Federation to combat and remove this common threat [of terrorism]... "This means finally coming to grips with the need and necessity to close outdated Russian military bases, left over from a period that no longer exists. "And here let me be clear about one point, Georgia does not plan to have any new foreign military bases on its territory..." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/geoeng040921.pdf Germany: Joschka Fischer, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany, September 23"there are threats to national and global security such as the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, the nuclear threat, the danger posed by failed states or, as we all painfully remember in this city, by terrorism... "Against this backdrop the question arises whether the structures given to the United Nations on its foundation almost sixty years ago are still suited to this mandate, whether its work enjoys the international acceptance it needs. In particular the disputes concerning the Iraq crisis highlighted this problem once again. " Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/gereng040923.pdf Holy See: H.E. Archbishop Giovanni Lajolo, Secretary for Relations with States, Holy See, September 29"Of immediate relevance to the supreme good of peace is the theme of total and general disarmament. If it is true that the production and sale of arms to other countries endangers peace, it follows that severe and effective international controls are needed. The commitment of the UN in this area is attested by the various Conventions it has supported with reference to weapons of mass destruction as well as conventional weapons. But we are only at the beginning of a long process, with huge economic interests as obstacles along our path. "The problem of weapons of mass destruction is clearly to be distinguished from that of conventional weapons; but the latter have a terrible and unending contemporary relevance in the numerous armed conflicts that stain the world with blood, and also in terrorism... "Then there is the Iraqi conflict. The position of the Holy See concerning the military action of2002-2003 is well known. Everyone can see that it did not lead to a safer world either inside or outside Iraq. The Holy See believes it is now imperative to support the present Government in its efforts to bring the country to normality and to a political system that is substantially democratic and in harmony with the values of its historic traditions." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/holeng040929.pdf Hungary: H.E. Mr. Gábor Brodi, Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs, Hungary, September 29"The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery continue to be a clear and present threat to international peace and security. New discoveries of large-scale nuclear weapon programs, networks of illicit trafficking in nuclear material and technology and the ill-conceived policies of denial and deceit about their purpose and nature, remain a most serious concern to the international community. There is a growing recognition, shared by Hungary, that these programs imply most serious risks of proliferation as well. The danger of having nuclear, biological and chemical weapons in the hands of rogue states, terrorist groups or for that matter any other non-state actors that are a menace to our world, represent new major security challenges. In this regard, we must act together in a decisive manner both regionally and globally. "In this respect, Hungary strongly supports the implementation of Security Council resolution 1540, calling on all states to establish effective national export controls. We call for the full implementation of this resolution. In addition to that, we are prepared to assist others in doing so. "In our fast-changing security environment worldwide, the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons /NPT/ is and should remain the cornerstone of the universal non-proliferation regime. Along with our EU partners, we are committed to safeguard the authority and the integrity of the Treaty. It is also in this context that we are looking forward to the 7th Review Conference of the NPT next year." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/huneng040929.pdf India: Dr Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India, September 23"Let us turn to other challenges we face today, such as the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. There is an increasing reliance on restrictive regimes and the use of punitive action to confront this threat to international peace and security. While India is opposed to proliferation and has an impeccable record in this respect, we believe that it is only a global consensus of willing nations that would ultimately prove to be more effective in this regard. "The Chemical Weapons Convention is a good model to follow in respect of other weapons of mass destruction including nuclear weapons. It is through representative institutions rather than exclusive clubs of privileged countries that we can address global threats posed by proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery. "As far back as in 1988, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi had outlined a series of specific steps in an Action Plan, whose central proposition remains valid – that progressive steps towards the elimination of weapons of mass destruction must be based on a balance of obligations between those who possess such weapons and those who do not It is quite evident today that a global discourse is required for evolving a more cooperative and consensual international security order. India believes that this consensus must differentiate between States whose actions strengthen non-proliferation and those that weaken its objectives." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/indeng040923.pdf Iran: H.E. Mr. Kamal Kharrazi, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Islamic Republic of Iran, September 24"Extremism has two distinct and yet interconnected faces: violence and terrorism of nonstate actors and unbridled militarism of states. The former leads to increasing insecurity and the latter to increasing lawlessness. Insecurity is manifested in the horrendous acts of extreme violence and terrorism; whether it is in Iraq, Afghanistan or in Russia. Lawlessness is manifested in going outside of the law among nations and the UN Charter, relying on the glorification of force and the brute use of the military might. Lawless militarism of the powerful has given rise to increasing violence and terrorism and is also marketed as the panacea to them... "The increasing lawless militarism, the second face of the challenge we encounter, is the use of brute and un-sanctioned military force to achieve some political goals, albeit desirable goals. A clear example of this lawlessness is the attack against Iraq. Attack against Iraq was illegal. I wish to thank our distinguished Secretary-General for making this statement a few days ego and courageously defending the Charter of the United Nations and the rule of law. If we, in this august body, do not collectively defend the rule of law, we have helped to send the U.N. Charter to oblivion in the interest of domination and militarism. "...one particular area that requires resolute action by the international community is the existence and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. As the only victim of the unbridled use of these weapons in recent years, Iran feels very strongly about the absolute imperative of a collective and rule based multilateral campaign to eradicate all these weapons and to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons as an interim measure. This must be done by the universal application of disarmament and non-proliferation instruments in a comprehensive and nondiscriminatory manner. The relevant multilateral instruments must become truly universal and the rights and obligations of all must be scrupulously enforced. Access to technology for peaceful purposes is the only true incentive for the universality of these instruments. At the same time, the legitimate disarmament and non-proliferation concerns of the international community must be addressed through transparency and vigorous application of monitoring mechanisms. Iran has always been prepared to contribute actively to this global effort. While we insist on our right to technology for peaceful purposes, we have and will leave no stone unturned in order to provide assurances of our peaceful intentions. "Iran has been in the forefront of efforts to establish a zone free from weapons of mass destruction in the Middle East. This initiative which has received the repeated approval of this august Assembly and the Security Council has been systematically obstructed by Israel's intransigence and its rejection of all multilateral instruments, regrettably with impunity. All countries of the region and beyond are unanimous in considering Israeli arsenal, including its weapons of mass destruction, combined with its policy and record of aggression and state terrorism as the single greatest threat to regional and global peace and security. Israel cannot hide these facts behind smoke screens. It is time for the international community to show its resolve to maintain the credibility of multilateral disarmament instruments by taking action to compel Israel to comply..." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/iraneng040924.pdf Ireland: Mr Brian Cowen, T.D., Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ireland, September 23"The proliferation of conventional weapons is causing enormous death and destruction. Concerted International action is required to effectively tackle their devastating impact on societies worldwide, particularly in developing countries. It is a sobering statistic that annual global spending on defence is estimated to be in the region of €950 billion. We need to progressively reallocate the world's resources towards more peaceful and developmental purposes. "This year we commemorate the fifth anniversary of the entry into force of the Ottawa Convention on Landmines. I look forward to the first Review Conference in Nairobi which will not only provide an opportunity to measure progress made but also to consider how to achieve universal respect for the principles and application of this important Treaty. Here at the United Nations, I welcome the progress made towards the negotiation of an Instrument on tracing and marking small arms and light weapons, an instrument which I hope will be legally binding. "Weapons of mass destruction, chemical, biological and nuclear, give rise to a unique fear - a fear of widespread annihilation. This fear is itself a source of instability, and a clear threat to international peace and security. That such weapons might fall into the hands of terrorists is an appalling prospect. "During the period of this General Assembly, we will meet to review again the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Ireland and its partners In the New Agenda Coalition are determined to strengthen the Treaty, and to ensure respect for its provisions, and we call on all States to make this a key priority. The possession of nuclear weapons by States outside the Treaty, and non-compliance with its provisions by States Parties, is a grave concern. "Ireland is convinced that disarmament and non-proliferation are mutually reinforcing and that both must be vigorously pursued. We need therefore to build on the outcome of the 2000 Review Conference, which, in thirteen practical steps, provided a realistic and coherent blueprint for achieving nuclear disarmament A firm commitment to, and a clear prospect of, nuclear disarmament, combined with a rigorous control regime, would help to strip nuclear weapons of the attraction that they now possess for some States. Let us therefore rededicate ourselves to the task of consigning nuclear weapons, and all weapons of mass destruction, to the dustbin of history. It is an ideal, but one worth striving for." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/ireeng040923.pdf Israel: H. E. Silvan Shalom, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs of the State of Israel, September 23"There was a time, when the problems of terror, Islamic fundamentalism and Iranian nuclear ambition, were seen as local problems — Israel's problems — not challenges which threatened the community of nations as a whole. Today, however, our community of nations is more united than ever in the battle against terrorism, whose sole objective is to undermine everything that we seek to build - peace, stability, prosperity and opportunity for all. "Today we are also more united than ever in opposition to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The international community now realizes that Iran - with missiles that can reach London, Paris, Berlin and southern Russia - does not only pose a threat to the security of Israel, but to the security and stabilty of the whole world. "Indeed, Iran has replaced Saddam Hussein as the world's number one exporter of terror, hate and instabilty... "I call on this Assembly to end its obsession with Israel and to ensure that UN resources are allocated more equally and more effectively. Our United Nations must provide solutions to the global challenges of hunger and poverty, of disease and weapons proliferation, of drug trafficking and sustainable development... "I call on this Assembly to address head-on the active involvement of Iran and Syria in terrorism, and Syria's continued occupation of Lebanon. There can be no place in the community of nations for those who promote the killing of children..." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/isreng040923.pdf Jamaica: H.E. The Honourable Keith Desmond Knight, MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade, Jamaica, September 27"Small countries face particular dangers in maintaining stability and security. I am referring to the increasing production, distribution and proliferation of small arms and light weapons and sophisticated ammunition. These represent our greatest security threat. Small states do not produce these weapons but have become the principal victims. The influx of these weapons through various illicit channels is fuelling civil conflict and criminal violence, the extent and intensity of which beleaguer and often overwhelm national security forces. It is estimated in the 2004 Small Arms Survey that the proliferation and misuse of small arms contributes annually to approximately 200-270,000 civilian deaths, 40% of which are concentrated in the Latin American and Caribbean region. "Equally disturbing to us is the insufficient appreciation of these dangers by those countries which are the producers and source of the weapons. We maintain that such states have a duty to prevent illicit transfers beyond their borders. Additionally, we need more effective co-operation to regulate and restrict the movement of these weapons and to have an effective registration and monitoring of transfers operating within a framework of legally binding obligations. For this reason, it is urgent that we move to conclude the negotiations for an International Convention to achieve these objectives. "We make this demand for action on the basis of the principle of the equal right to security for all States. The threats and dangers we face are as valid as those arising from the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. These also demand collective action and in this Jamaica has been unrelenting in its support of effective measures for curtailing the spread of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/jameng040927.pdf Japan: H.E. Mr. Junichiro Koizumi, Prime Minister of Japan, September 21'A New United Nations for the New Era', Address by H.E. Mr Junichiro Koizumi Prime Minister of Japan, September 21, 2004. JUNICHIRO KOIZUMI, Prime Minister of Japan... Today, the international community is striving to meet challenges that the founders of the United Nations could not have envisioned some sixty years ago. The fight against terrorism and efforts to ensure non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction are just a few examples of these challenges... Weapons of mass destruction, missiles and terrorism threaten international security in the world of today. Japan is the only country ever to have suffered nuclear devastation. As such, Japan has been at the forefront in promoting nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation. Japan hopes to achieve a peaceful and safe world free of nuclear weapons. Furthermore, Japan has collaborated with other countries to prevent states of concern and non-state actors from acquiring weapons of mass destruction... The nuclear and missile issues on the Korean Peninsula present a serious challenge to the peace and stability of Northeast Asia and to the international community as a whole. Japan is determined to continue to seek comprehensive resolution of the nuclear and missile issues and the abduction issue in line with the Pyongyang Declaration. The Six-Party Talks must go forward. The benefit that the DPRK would receive by resolving these issues would be substantial. There is no benefit in continuing to pursue its nuclear program... Source: Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs, http://www.mofa.go.jp. Kazakhstan: H.E. Mr. Kassymzhomart Tokaev, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Kazakhstan, September 24"In our view, there is an urgent need to coordinate the efforts of the entire international community in the area of disarmament and arms control. "We call for an early entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear- Test Ban Treaty and urge the governments of those states that have not yet ratified that instrument to display political will and genuine commitment to nuclear disarmament. "As one of the few states that have voluntarily gave up their nuclear weapons, Kazakhstan is concerned by the current status of the Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty. That important treaty has been seriously eroded because of destructive actions on the part of a number of known states. We should recognize that the non-proliferation regime faces a formidable threat and that there is a real possibility of an uncontrolled spread of weapons of mass destruction and, most importantly, of terrorists getting hold of them. In view of that, we consider that the establishment of a nuclear-weapons-free zone in Central Asia is a very important and timely proposal. "We believe that the negotiation process within the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva should be reactivated. In our view, the potential of that important forum is far from being tapped to the full extent. "The Government of Kazakhstan attaches great importance to the consistent implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons, as discussed at a regional conference in Almaty in March of 2004... "We also urge the international community to reactivate fruitful cooperation in the solution of social and economic problems facing the population around the former Semipalatinsk nuclear testing ground. The people of the region, unwittingly, have been victimized by some five hundred nuclear-weapon tests conducted in the heat of the global arms race. We are grateful to the governments of Japan, the United States and other donor states for due attention being paid by them to this screaming problem: yet we believe that in this particular case multilateral cooperation would have been more effective. The framework for such cooperation is already in place in the form of a relevant General Assembly resolution, whose potential has not been used to the full extent." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/kazeng040924.pdf Kenya: H.E. The Honourable Chirau Ali Mwakwere, MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs, September 27"Let me turn to an issue of great importance to the international community. The production, stockpiling, transfer and use of anti-personnel landmines is a problem of major proportions which has caused untold suffering to populations world-wide. With respect to this problem, Africa is the most mine-affected continent. Kenya has been bestowed with the honour to host the First Review Conference of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Landmines and on Their Destruction (Ottawa Convention). The Conference, also known as the "Nairobi Summit 2004 on a Mine-Free World", will be held from November 29 to December 3, 2004. Among the scheduled events will be Pre-Conference Ceremonies on November 28, 2004, presided over by the President of the Republic of Kenya, the Honourable Mwai Kibaki who has extended invitations to World Leaders to attend the Conference. I take this opportunity to welcome each and everyone of you to participate at the highest possible level at the Conference. I encourage you to take advantage of your presence in Nairobi to sample Kenya's hospitality and particularly the world famous Safari and the sandy beaches along Kenya's Coast... "Long running conflicts in our sub-region have led to the proliferation of small arms and light weapons which constitute major security concerns to my country and others. For this reason, Kenya has been at the forefront of regional initiatives to combat the menace. In March 2000, Kenya hosted the First Ministerial Conference, which produced the Nairobi Declaration on the problem of Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region and the Horn of Africa. In April this year, Kenya hosted the Second Ministerial Review Conference of the Nairobi Declaration, which adopted the Nairobi Protocol on Small Arms and Light Weapons. These efforts are intended to consolidate a regional framework within which to deal with the problem of proliferation in order to improve security to enable the people of the region to re-direct their energies and resources towards meaningful economic activities." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/keneng040927.pdf Kiribati: H.E. Mr. Anote Tong, President, Kiribati, September 28"The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and of illicit trade in small arms and light weapons continue to threaten international security. We must be unified in our approach to addressing these challenges effectively through the strengthening of multilateral disarmament and non-proliferation treaties and agreements, and through closer regional and international cooperation. Kiribati is supportive of all nonproliferation efforts and in this respect is party to, among others, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/kireng040928.pdf Laos: H.E. Mr. Somsavat Lengsavad, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Lao People's Democratic Republic, September 27"Today, weapons of mass destruction, whether chemical, biological or nuclear, all pose major threats to peace and security at the regional and global levels, and are far from being totally eliminated. Therefore, we should all work collectively to ensure that these inhumane weapons disappear from the face of the earth... "We commend the efforts deployed towards finding a peaceful solution to the Korean Peninsular issue through the convening of the three rounds of six-party talks. We hope that all parties concerned will pursue these talks so as to achieve a permanent peace and security in the Korean Peninsular thus creating a favorable condition for a peaceful reunification." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/laoeng040927.pdf Latvia: H.E. Dr. Vaira Vike-Freiberga, President of Latvia, September 22"...Frequently countries facing terrorist attacks have been using vastly superior military capabilities to strike hard at real or perceived terrorist targets. "Too often, however, these strikes have had an undesirable side-effect of their own: the further wounding and killing of civilians, and the additional destruction of property. Such strikes have done nothing to diminish the deep-seated feelings of resentment by disaffected populations. The events of the past few years, and indeed of the past few decades, point to the stark and sobering reality that the military option alone has not been effective in rooting out terrorism, and that terrorism has not been an effective means for achieving political aspirations." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/lateng040922.pdf Libya: H.E. Mr. Abdurrahman Mohamed Shalghem, Secretary of the General People's Committee for Foreign Liaison and International Cooperation, September 29"As the 60th Session of the General Assembly draws closer, Libya is presenting a unique, bold and strong initiative involving the elimination of its programs of weapons of mass destruction, chemical and nuclear weapons, and the handing over of such equipment to the International Atomic Energy Agency... Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/libyeng040929.pdf Macedonia: H.E. Mr. Branko Crvenkovski, President of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, September 24"The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction remains one of the major threats pending over global peace and security and Is closely related to terrorism. We welcome the adoption of the Resolution 1540 on the Non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction by the UN Security Council, whose implementation supplements the existing complex set of instruments and consolidates the role of the Security Council in this area. "The suppression of illicit trade in small arms and light weapons and full prohibition of anti-infantry mines is also a very important issue, due to the size of the problem and the number of victims they cause. Such activities will immensely contribute to conflict prevention and successful peace keeping and peace building throughout the world, including our region. At the end of last year the Republic of Macedonia conducted a successful action of collecting small arms and light weapons. The action was supported by the UNDP and the activities in this field are on-going. "We expect from the first Review Conference of the member countries of the Ottawa Convention that will be held in Nairobi, to see a summary of results related to the implementation of this extremely important instrument that will pave the way to the creation of a world free of land mines. The Republic of Macedonia destroyed the mine stockpiles and is working on the demining of affected regions. UNMAS together with the ITF helped a lot in these demining activities." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/maceng040924.pdf Malaysia: H.E. The Honourable Dato’ Seri Haji Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, Prime Minister, Malaysia (in capacity as chair of the Non-Aligned Movement), September 27"Iraq is still in turmoil. Although the UN Security Council Resolution of June 2004 had enabled the return of sovereignty to the people of Iraq, conflicts continue without relent in that country. The same Resolution had also renewed the mandate of the Multinational Force but the reality on the ground suggests that the existing arrangements cannot stabilize the situation there. "It is quite clear that the situation in Iraq calls for the United Nations to be given the lead role, particularly for establishing stability in preparation for the elections scheduled for January 2005. An orderly conduct of the elections is critical to the process of reestablishing a truly independent and sovereign government in Iraq. "The United Nations has the best credentials to create the right conditions to enable member states to take part in peace-building and the reconstruction of Iraq. The international community owes it to the people of Iraq to summon its collective resolve and political will to allow all these to happen. If we collectively succeed in assisting Iraq to seize the moment, we would also succeed at the same time in bringing a closure to the bitter divisiveness which was brought about, in the beginning, by unilateralism over this same issue." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/malayeng040927.pdf Maldives: H.E. Mr. Fathulla Jameel, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Maldives, September 30"The disappointing impasse on global disarmament and the dreadful odds of further proliferation of weapons of mass destruction make the world ill at ease, and lose hope for a peaceful world." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/mald040930.pdf Malta: the Honourable Dr. Lawrence Gonzi, Prime Minister, Malta, September 23"Over the last months an important development took place in our region in the context of disarmament. Libya's decision to renounce its programme on weapons of mass destruction has been welcomed by all. As a long standing friend and close neighbour of Libya, Malta has particular reasons to welcome this development and the increased opportunities it now creates for Libya to play a significant role in the process of Euro Mediterranean security and cooperation. "It is reasonable to argue that the framework of regional stability and cooperation provided by the EuroMed process was one contributory factor towards Libya's decision to renounce its programme. Nevertheless, problems relating to the development of weapons of mass destruction still exist in other regions of the world. The role which initiatives encouraging regional stability and economic and social development can play in the resolution of these problems should not be underestimated. "It is also necessary to look at the problems raised by the threat of new weapons of mass destruction as part of the wider issue of disarmament in its many aspects. The continuing commitment to the major multilateral treaties and increased efforts to intensify measures of verification and compliance are of paramount importance in this regard. Equally important is the need to bring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test- Ban Treaty into force without further delay. "The problem of proliferation of weapons, especially weapons of mass destruction, has in our day assumed a new and frightening dimension in its possible linkage with terrorism. In this regard, as the Secretary General points out, the effective implementation of Security Council Resolution 1540 adopted earlier this year should complement ongoing efforts to strengthen existing multilateral and non-proliferation regimes. Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/malteng040923.pdf Marshall Islands: H.E. Mr. Kessai H. Note, President of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, September 22"An ongoing issue of the utmost concern for the people of the Marshall Islands is that of nuclear weapons testing. Between 1946 and 1958, the United States conducted a series of nuclear tests in the Marshall Islands, which included the detonation of 23 atomic and hydrogen bombs. On March 1st this year, we commemorated the 50 th anniversary of the Bravo test at Bikini Atoll. The Bravo blast was 1,000 times more powerful than Hiroshima, and its fallout spread radioactive debris across the neighboring islands. "Today, many of our people continue to suffer from long term health effects, while others remain displaced from their homes because of ongoing contamination. We urge the United States government to fully address the issue of adequate compensation for populations affected by the nuclear testing program, and to fulfill its responsibilities for the safe resettlement of displaced populations. "On broader issues of disarmament and non-proliferation, we urge the international community to retain a focus on disarmament by the nuclear weapon States, as well as non-proliferation measures. We look forward to next year's Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and we hope that the Conference will produce substantial progress on the Thirteen Steps towards complete nuclear disarmament." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/mareng040922.pdf Mauritius: H.E. The Honourable Jaya Krishna Cuttaree, Minister for Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Regional Cooperation, Mauritius, September 28"Notwithstanding the potential threat posed by nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction, it is a matter of serious concern that we still have not been able to find common ground to initiate a process leading to complete disarmament. "Significant differences still persist among Parties to the Non-Proliferation Treaty. We once again appeal to all Member States to translate their stated commitments to the cause of disarmament into action. "Mauritius supports and implements fully the international disarmament treaties such as the Chemical Weapons Convention, the Biological and Toxins Weapons Convention and has always supported various UN resolutions which tend to consolidate these regimes, including Resolution 1540 which focuses on non-proliferation issues. "Along with our fight against weapons of mass destruction, we should also stay the course against the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons which have been the weapons of choice in recent conflicts, particularly in Africa." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/maureng040928.pdf Mexico: H.E. Mr. Luis Ernesto Derbez, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mexico, September 24"We will also follow closely the cooperation initiatives and regimes that are geared to control the supply of nuclear materials; and we will insist in gathering new momentum on the efforts in the urgent cause of disarmament." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/mexeng040924.pdf Micronesia: H.E. The Honourable Sebastian Anefal, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Federal States of Micronesia, September 29"As neighbors and fellow islanders, we have saddened by the inability of the people of the Republic of Marshall Islands, after almost fifty years, to secure full compensation for the death, sickness and destruction suffered by them as a consequence of nuclear weapons testing. Recently declassified documents make it clear that original settlements were not based on the full story of what happened to the Marshallese people, and other peoples of the former Trust Territory as well. We join other Members in calling upon the United States to meet its responsibility in full." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/miceng040929.pdf Moldova: H.E. Mr. Andrei Stratan, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Republic of Moldova, September 28"The Republic of Moldova fully supports the current efforts oriented towards conclusion of a Convention for the Suppression of Acts ofNuclear Terrorism as well as of a Comprehensive International Convention on International Terrorism. In particular, we believe that with the adoption of the Comprehensive Convention, some very sensitive and complex political and legal issues will be solved and, consequently, the existing gaps in the legal regime of the anti-terrorist cooperation will be filled. It is only through developing and implementing the network of anti-terrorist instruments that the international community can effectively ensure that terrorists find no safe heaven by which they can continue their criminal activities... "This region remains an area of illegal production and trafficking of arms. Given the "transparency" of the Transnistrian section of the Moldovan-Ukrainian border there are no guarantees that the illegally produced or trafficked armaments will not reach in the future other conflicts zones. Under these conditions I would like to reaffirm our strong belief that the deployment of an international monitoring mission under the auspices of OSCE and EU along the border between the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine will substantially contribute to the prevention and elimination of such risks and will facilitate the identification of a solution for the transnistrian problem. "At the same time we encountered the biased attitude on behalf of involved parties, reflected in the support of smuggling and obvious violations of existing bilateral and international agreements. We deem it necessary to modify the components of peacekeeping mechanism and to replace it with a new one under international mandate. "Considering that the interests of regional stability and security require an objective and impartial approach, it is necessary to ensure full respect for international law and democratic standards and, more importantly, the abandonment of any geopolitical and geo-economical interests and designs through maintaining a status-quo. The strict fulfillment of the 1999 OSCE Istanbul Summit decisions would harmoniously fit such an approach." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/moleng040928.pdf Mongolia: H.E. Mr. Radnaabazaryn Altangerel, State Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Mongolia, September 27"The Korean nuclear crisis and the resulting tensions on the Korean peninsula cast dark clouds over the entire Northeast Asia. Being a Northeast Asian nation with a nuclear-weapon-free status, Mongolia stands for a nuclear-weapon-free Korean Peninsula, and sees it as an important condition leading to the reconciliation of both Koreas, therefore, to peace and stability in the region. The continuation of the six-party talks with a view to coming to a negotiated solution is of vital importance to maintaining peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula and in the region as a whole. "Indeed, strengthening international peace and security, supporting practical disarmament measures in every possible way has been one of the main priorities of Mongolia's foreign policy. We firmly believe that disarmament efforts should equally focus on state-and-people-centered dimensions. The global landmine ban campaign and efforts to curb illicit trade in small arms and light weapons have immediate bearing on human security, social and economic development around the world. "As a strong advocate of WMD disarmament, and particularly nuclear disarmament, Mongolia believes that the full and effective implementation of the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on the part of both the nuclear and nonnuclear countries has a pivotal role in promoting international peace and nuclear security. In that context, Mongolia welcomes the UNSC resolution 1540 (2004) adopted unanimously under Chapter VII of the UN Charter as a meaningful step towards curbing the WMD proliferation, yet we also believe that a correspondingly significant step ought to be made in nuclear disarmament - the early entry into force and universalization of the Comprehensive-Test-Ban-Treaty as a first priority. This treaty, once in force, would greatly contribute to the prevention of horizontal and vertical proliferation of nuclear weapons, and the dangers posed by their possible acquisition by non-state actors. "Establishment of new and consolidation of existing nuclear-weapon-free-zones should remain high on the international agenda. My Government will continue its efforts towards institutionalizing its nuclear-weapon-free-status at the international level. Mongolia's internationally recognized and legally-binding nuclear-weapon-free-status could further contribute towards ensuring peace and stability in the region of Northeast Asia and beyond." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/mongeng040927.pdf Nepal: H.E. Mr. Prakash Sharan Mahat, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Nepal, September 28"Nepal is deeply concerned by the set back in the disarmament realm. Of course, the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction is very important to keep such weapons from rouge elements, no durable peace will be possible without concerted efforts to disarmament, particularly of nuclear weapons, as they are the greatest threat to human civilization. "It is sad that the Conference on Disarmament has no program of work for the last several years. The body must be allowed to work on a coherent strategy leading to the complete elimination of nuclear weapons in a time bound manner. "We reiterate our support to nuclear weapons free zones and keeping the outer space free of such weapons. The international community should also work together to strengthen controls over the small arms and light weapons to prevent their abuse by non-state actors. "Regional centers for peace and disarmament are instrumental in building confidence among nations. Nepal is eager to relocate to Kathmandu the Regional Center for Peace and Disarmament for Asia and the Pacific at the earliest. We are prepared to sign the necessary agreements consistent with the prevailing diplomatic practices and provisions of the other two regional Centers. We also want the Kathmandu Process revived without delay." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/nepeng040928.pdf The Netherlands on behalf of the European Union: H.E. Bernard Bot, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, September 21"Multilateralism works", says Minister Bot on behalf of the EU in New York, Address on behalf of the European Union by Minister Bot at the General Assembly of the United Nations, 21 September 2004. BERNARD BOT, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, speaking on behalf of the European Union... "In a world of global threats, global markets and global media, our security and prosperity depend more and more on an effective multilateral system. The search for a strong, rule-based international society is more imperative than ever. "That is why reform of the United Nations, with a view to making it stronger, more effective and more efficient, is a high priority for the European Union. The EU remains committed to multilateralism and a rule-based international order, with the United Nations at its core. What gives great strength to the United Nations is its legitimacy. It has no substitute in the international community. It is unique. But the Organisation must adapt to changing circumstances. The reform efforts that have already been set in motion by the Secretary-General, must be intensified and deepened with a view to making the UN stronger, more effective and more efficient... "One of the greatest threats to international peace and security today is the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery. The international community must effectively address this challenge. The EU adopted a comprehensive and coherent strategy against the proliferation of these weapons last December, covering a wide spectrum of measures. The EU is guided by the conviction that a multilateral approach to security is the best way to maintain international order. That is why we are firmly committed to uphold, implement and strengthen the multilateral disarmament and non-proliferation treaties and agreements. The multilateral treaty system provides the legal and normative basis for all non-proliferation efforts. "International treaty regimes and export control arrangements are in place to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction and their delivery systems. These instruments, however, have not succeeded in putting a complete stop to proliferation. Additional measures are necessary, in particular to combat the risk of terrorist organisations gaining access to those weapons and delivery systems. In this context, the EU welcomes the adoption of Security Council Resolution 1540, which is fully in line with the EU strategy. With others, the EU will also explore the possibility of establishing a relationship between the United Nations and the Hague Code of Conduct on Ballistic Missile Proliferation... "Human rights lie at the core of the work of the United Nations. The EU fully agrees with Secretary-General Annan's statement that terrorism must not be used as an excuse to trample on human rights. States must ensure that any measures taken to combat terrorism comply with their obligations under international law, in particular international human rights, refugee and humanitarian law. We must protect the universal values and fundamental freedoms whose enjoyment is seriously impaired by acts of terrorism... "The European Union stresses the importance of the International Criminal Court in putting an end to impunity and strengthening the rule of law throughout the world. It will pursue its efforts to ensure the widest possible ratification of, and accession to, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. "The world needs a United Nations that can intervene decisively to prevent, limit, and put an end to military conflicts. An estimated 40% of countries emerging from civil wars relapse into conflict within five years. The lesson – familiar but often forgotten – is that the United Nations system must be better attuned to how such conflicts can be prevented and peace preserved. No matter how difficult, preventing conflict and preserving a precarious peace is less costly than intervening in a full-blown conflict. "The European Union is aware of its responsibility in that area and is increasing its capabilities to maintain its already significant contribution to conflict prevention, international crisis management and peacekeeping operations. It will also continue to assist other regional organisations to enhance their own crisis management capabilities. The United Nations must intensify its cooperation with those organisations, in part with a view to enhancing their capacity for crisis management in accordance with Chapter VIII of its Charter. To that end, the EU is working with the UN Secretariat to implement the EU-UN Declaration of September 2003 on Cooperation in Crisis Management... "The Security Council’s unanimous adoption of Resolution 1546 marks the restoration of sovereignty to Iraq. The European Union wholeheartedly supports the political process and the new Iraqi interim government and calls on all member states to do the same. It gives its full backing to the holding of democratic elections in January 2005. It is committed to unwavering support of the United Nations’ pivotal role in that country. The Iraqi people have suffered so much and deserve the chance to have a better life. Let us offer them that chance... "The EU itself is an example of multilateralism at work. Conflicting interests and diverging views still exist within the EU, as they do everywhere. But conflicts are resolved in the framework of common institutions and binding rules. Multilateralism works. A rule-based international order is possible. And necessary. The EU will strive to achieve that goal everywhere." Source: Dutch Presidency of the EU website, http://www.eu2004.nl/ New Zealand: the Honourable Phil Goff, Minister of Foreign Affairs & Trade of New Zealand, September 21"...War, more often within than across the boundaries of states, has taken the lives of tens of millions of people since 1945, most of them civilians. Weapons of mass destruction have accumulated and access to them spread to more countries... "The United Nations must also adapt itself to the changing nature of security and humanitarian concerns. The concept that national sovereignty is paramount and stands in the way of international intervention in local conflicts cannot be sustained..." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/nzeng040921.pdf Nigeria: H.E Chief Olusegun Obasanjo, GCFR, President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, September 23"While the United Nations is justifiably seized with the issue of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), such as nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, the question of Small Arms and light Weapons (SALW), can no longer be ignored. While the threat of Weapons of Mass Destruction is awesome, small arms and light weapons are killing people every day at a rate cumulatively amounting to monumental destruction. "Nigeria and the African Union welcome the commencement of negotiations for an international legally binding instrument to enable States identify and trace illicit small arms and light weapons globally. Of particular interest to Africa is the enormous potential that such a legally binding instrument can have on peace and security in our region. We should therefore not relent in our efforts." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/nigeng040923.pdf North Korea: H.E. Mr. Choe Su Hon, Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, September 27"I wish to take this opportunity to clarify once again the principled stand of our Government regarding the nuclear issue between the DPRK and the US. "As I already made it clear time and again at this platform, the nuclear issue is the product of the deep-rooted hostile policy on the DPRK pursued by the US for more than half a century. "In other words, the DPRK is left with no other option but to possess a nuclear deterrent in the face of the situation in which the present US administration, being accustomed to rejecting our system, has been attempting to eliminate the DPRK by force while designating it as part of an "axis of evil" and a target of preemptive nuclear strikes... "The nuclear deterrent of the DPRK constitutes a legitimate self-defensive means to counter ever-growing US nuclear threat and aggression against the DPRK and reliably defend sovereignty, peace and security of the country. "Denuclearizing the Korean peninsula is our goal, and it is the consistent position of the DPRK to address the nuclear issue between the DPRK and the US peacefully through dialogue and negotiations. "If the United States renounces practically its hostile policy on the DPRK including the cessation of nuclear threats, the DPRK also is willing to scrap its nuclear deterrent accordingly. "Basing itself on this position, the DPRK government proposed a package solution based on the principle of "word for word" and "action for action" for a peaceful settlement of the nuclear issue, and as the first step to this end, offered such a flexible proposal as the "reward for freeze". "In this regard, at the third round of six party talks last June, the countries concerned shared the view on the importance of the both sides adhering to the principles of the "word for word", "action for action" and "corresponding measures for freeze" and reached an agreement. "The proposal on the "reward for freeze" provides that the DPRK would freeze all the nuclear weapon-related facilities and the output from their operation on the premise that the US abandons its hostile policy, in particular its assertion on the "complete, verifiable and irreversible dismantlement of our nuclear program" (CVID), and that at the same time, the United States, for its part, would lift its economic sanctions and blockade against the DPRK, de-list the DPRK from the "sponsors of terrorism" and participate in compensation of energy worth the capacity of two million KW. "By offering this proposal, we intend to build mutual confidence in the first place and eventually solve the nuclear issue fundamentally through addressing each other's concerns and meeting their respective demands step-by-step on the basis of simultaneous actions under the present situation characterized by the hostile relations of extreme distrust between the two countries. "The process of realizing the proposed "reward for freeze" will be the one of confidencebuilding between the DPRK and the US, and this is possible only when the US itself rewards for our freeze. "It is natural that there are a start and order in doing anything. From this point of view, our freeze will be the first step towards eventual dismantlement of our nuclear program. Of course, the freeze will be followed by the objective verification. "In order to further clarify our will to dismantle the nuclear deterrent, we had intended to include in our freeze no more manufacturing of nuclear weapons, and no test and transfer of them. "The US, however, disregarding the common understanding and agreement reached at the third round of six party talks, has been further intensifying its hostile acts against the DPRK in a more undisguised way, even openly announcing that there would be no reward for the freeze and dismantlement of our nuclear facilities... "The US went so far as to slander and debase the supreme leadership of its dialogue partner. It also forces us to "disarm ourselves" like a defeated nation does, thus attempting to forcibly "dismantle our nuclear program first" and "overthrow our system" through the "CVID". Consequently, the basis of negotiations, which was hardly in the making to resolve the nuclear issue, has been completely destroyed. "If the United States has the will to co-exist peacefully with the DPRK by abandoning its hostile policy on the DPRK, the nuclear issue will be resolved properly. "With regard to the six party talks, the DPRK is also of the position to continue the talks. Nevertheless, the ever intensifying US hostile policy and the clandestine nuclear related experiments recently revealed in south Korea are constituting big stumbling blocks to the continuation of the talks. "The serious situation, whereby the basis of the negotiations has been totally destroyed and furthermore, the secret nuclear related experiments in south Korea have not yet been clarified, makes us unable to participate in the talks aimed at discussing the nuclear weapon program. "Therefore, if the six party talks are to be resumed, the basis for the talks demolished by the United States should be properly set up and the truth of the secret nuclear experiments in south Korea clarified completely. "Availing myself of this opportunity, I extend my gratitude to the UN member States for their active support to and understanding of our principled stand and hope that they will continue to contribute to the peaceful settlement of the nuclear issue between the DPRK and the US with fair stance." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/dprkeng040927.pdf Oman: H.E. Mr Yousef bin Alawi bin Abdullah, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Oman, September 27"The Sultanate believes that accession by States to disarmament treaties and conventions would enhance and maintain international peace and security. In this context, we should seriously consider the possibility of establishing collective mechanisms for arms monitoring and control, based on unified standards acceptable to all, be it in the field of weapons of mass destruction or that of conventional weapons. Otherwise the role of the world order will remain limited to theoretical studies or drawing attention to the dangers of the arms race, to development, the environment or international peace and security. "The world stock of weapons of mass destruction and in particular nuclear weapons runs the risk of destroying human life on our planet many times over. That is why the Sultanate of Oman has signed most conventions on disarmament and arms control, including the Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT), the Convention on the prohibition of chemical weapons, and the Convention on the prohibition of biological weapons." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/omaeng040927.pdf Pakistan: General Pervez Musharraf President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, September 22"...Today, there is welcome resurgence of support for multilateralism. This must be a multilateralism based on the principles of the UN Charter, a cooperative and democratic multilateralism. It must seek just, peaceful and durable solutions to conflicts and disputes. It must promote a programme for nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/pakeng040922.pdf Palestine (Observer Delegation): H.E. Mr. Farouk Kaddoumi, Head of the Political Department, Palestine Liberation Organization, September 28"Israel is the only nuclear power in the Middle East. It is about the fourth strongest army in the world, is a war sophisticated arms developer and dealer with no ethical or moral constraints and with no human rights concerns. The Israeli government can therefore do anything it wants, acting like a high tech military-expert rogue state which has become tremendously useful for the United States since it has located itself strategically right in the centre of the global arms industry. Counting on the support of the U.S.A Israel breaks moral and international laws with impunity." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/paleng040928.pdf Papua New Guinea: H.E. The Right Honourable Sir Rabbie Namaliu, MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Immigration, September 28"Small arms and light weapons will always threaten the stability of many small states. Therefore we look forward to the continuing work for a UN supported Action Plan for dealing with small arms." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/papeng040928.pdf Peru: H.E. Alejandro Toledo, September 22'Statement by H. E. Alejandro Toledo, President of the Republic of Peru', September 22, 2004. "The present situation takes place in a crisis of multilateralism, in a context where no isolated power can assure global governance, in a world where fragmentation enables nuclear threats... "Region-wide, Peru has also promoted initiatives for peace, security and weapon control. Moreover, my government proposed the Commitment of Lima, one the most advanced documents on security and disarmament of the region. In this document, Andean countries committed to implement measures to promote trust; to establish standardized methods for measuring their expenses on external defense; to eliminate anti-personnel landmines; to control the proliferation of small arms and to prohibit, within the region, the production, utilization and commercialization of mass-destruction weapons, including those biological and chemical. "Moreover, Peru promoted the establishment of a South American Zone of Peace, aiming at assuring cooperative and democratic policies on defense and security within the region. This initiative was approved in 2002 by the General Assembly..." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/pereng040922.pdf Poland: H.E. Mr. Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Poland, September 24"One of the most important issues, in the light of the particularly threatening nexus of terrorism and weapons of mass destruction, is the principle of the non-use of force. When examining it one may have a look into the following aspects — anticipatory self-defense, humanitarian intervention and collective use of force with an authorization of the Security Council. "The UN Charter has made absolutely clear that all UN member States should refrain from the threat or use of force. As the security begins at home, each State should be responsible for its own security... "However, in a case when a state cannot or is unwilling to protect its citizens from such atrocities as gross violation of human rights, ethnic cleansing, acts of tenor and genocide, the international community has not only the right, but also the responsibility to act." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/poleng040924.pdf Qatar, on behalf of the Group of 77 and China: His Highness Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, Emir of the State of Qatar, September 21"Related to this is the need to achieve a comprehensive peaceful settlement to the Arab-Israeli conflict on the basis of Israel's withdrawal from all the territories occupied in 1967, including the Syrian Golan and the Lebanese Shaba'a Farms. In this regard, we stress the need to transform the Middle East into a zone free of weapons of mass destruction, without any exception, in order to achieve the security and peace that would serve the interest and welfare of all its peoples. "As regards Iraq, its our hope that security council resolution 1546 will help stabilize the situation so as to allow the implementation of the schedule included in the resolution regarding the holding of free, democratic elections, and the timely drafting of a permanent constitution as a prelude to the establishment of an elected constitutional government. Also, we will spare no effort in supporting the reconstruction, and affirm our position of principle regarding the need to safeguard the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iraq, and refrain interference in its internal affairs. We would also like to emphasize the central role of the United Nations in Iraq." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/qateng040921.pdf Romania: H.E. Mr. Ion Iliescu, President of Romania, September 22"My country is definitely for a concerted action against the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. In an international context, which is often volatile and defined by growing complexity and increased interdependence, we cannot ignore the necessity of immediate action, by using the means offered by our global organization, especially the 1540 Committee of the Security Council." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/romeng040922.pdf Russia: Sergey V. Lavrov, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, September 24"Russia has drawn some harsh conclusions [from the Beslan terrorist attack]. They have been set forth in the September 4 and September 13 addresses by President Vladimir V. Putin. We will not let anybody encroach on the sovereignty of our State, we will resolutely strengthen the unity of the country and its people in order to counter terror, to guarantee secure and decent life to our citizens in freedom and democracy. The measures to achieve these goals announced by the Russian President will be based on the country's Constitution, and we will continue to defend our legitimate interests by means of equitable dialogue, cooperation and partnership, rather than by means of confrontation. In this regard, readiness for honest cooperation in fighting terror with no double standards has become a key criterion of our relations with any State... "The atrocity of the recent terrorist attacks proves the need to ensure reliable safeguards against terrorists gaining access to the weapons of mass destruction. Russia is prepared to the closest international partnership in this area. Our country became one of the sponsors of Security Council Resolution 1540, takes part in the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) and was a co-sponsor of the G8 Action Plan on Non-Proliferation. These initiatives are complementary and should increase the effectiveness of the WMD non-proliferation regimes, which seems to be especially relevant on the eve of the 2005 NPT Review Conference... "And one of our tasks is to prevent outer space from becoming the scene of an armed confrontation. Together with China we propose to conclude a comprehensive agreement to this end and call upon all the countries with a space capability to join this initiative. Furthermore, a need is arising to elaborate a UN convention on international outer space law." Source: http://www.russianembassy.org. Samoa: H.E. The HonourableTuila’epa Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, Samoa, September 24"An issue that the Pacific Islands have brought to the attention of the United Nations over the years and remains relevant, not only for the Pacific, but very importantly, in advancing the cause of nuclear non-proliferation, is the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty. The Pacific Forum has again called on the United States to ratify the Protocols to the Treaty." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/sameng040924.pdf Saudi Arabia: His Royal Highness Prince Saud Al-Faisal, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Saudia Arabia, September 27"The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is closely monitoring the endeavors aimed at eliminating all forms of weapons of mass destruction from the Middle East and making it free from all such lethal weapons. In this respect, we call upon the international community to adopt an even-handed approach, refrain from applying double standards, assume its legal and moral responsibilities, and urge the Israeli Government to refrain from the development of its nuclear program, and subject its nuclear installations to the inspection and safeguards system of the International Atomic Energy Agency." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/saueng040927.pdf Sao Tome and Principe: H.E. Mr. Fradique Bandeira Melo DE MENEZES, President of Sao Tome and Principe, September 24"The world is a less secure place today than it was just a year ago. The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction continues and non-proliferation treaties notwithstanding. We must ensure the universality of these treaties and the compliance with same under the authority of the Security Council. All countries must open all installations for International Agency for Atomic Energy (IAEA) for all out inspections and all weapons of mass destruction must be eradicate from our planet." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/saoeng040924.pdf Slovakia: H.E. Mr. Ivan Gašparovic, President of the Slovak Republic, September 21"...The governments of Member States must fight more effectively against this inhuman phenomenon [terrorism] through mutual support, the application of international law, and by improved cooperation between international and regional organisations. The twelve UN anti-terrorism conventions and protocols are of utmost importance in the fight against terrorism, and the UN must continue to play a key role in bolstering legal instruments in this battle. The Slovak Republic supports a prompt approval of a comprehensive convention against terrorism as a whole, along with a convention aimed at averting acts of nuclear terrorism... "Another issue that calls for efficient international cooperation is the fight against the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). The Slovak Republic welcomed the adoption of the UN Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004), which sets out principles and directs the collective efforts of member states towards preventing WMDs falling into the hands of non-state actors and terrorists. Slovakia also backs the toughening of international treaties that relate to disarmament and prevention of spreading WMDs, including international control mechanisms. As a member of the European Union, the Slovak Republic will also play an active role in implementing the EU Strategy against the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/slovaeng040921.pdf Slovenia: H.E. Dr. Janez Drnovsek, President of the Republic of Slovenia, September 21"The common fight against international terrorism and its origins must remain one of the priority tasks of individual members and of the entire UN. This also applies to preventing the spread of weapons of mass destruction. The unanimous Security Council resolution is a welcome step towards effective cooperation in this area. "When we combat the universal evil of terrorism, we should not do this at the expense of the existing legal standards of human rights and international humanitarian law. Any lowering of these standards will be repaid to us in a reduction of the legitimacy of international action — and consequently in creating fertile ground for further attacks on human security... "Intergovernmental cooperation needs to be supplemented through the inclusion of various non-governmental organisations and of the global civil society. I would also like to highlight the responsibility and potential of transnational corporations to contribute to protecting the environment and to eliminating the tensions caused by global competitive models. Nongovernmental organisations can contribute to solutions through innovative approaches, and by going beyond the limitations of established bureaucratic frameworks. They can help to create the critical mass of awareness regarding the urgent need for change and removal of global imbalances. By incorporating the contribution of various sections of world society into the work of the UN, we will make it more sensitive to the actual problems of people in different parts of the world. In this context we welcome the report of the Panel of Eminent Persons on United Nations-Civil Society Relations, since it sets out a range of useful proposals regarding the contribution of non-governmental actors. Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/sloeng040921.pdf South Africa: H.E. Mr Thabo Mbeki, President of the Republic of South Africa, September 21'Statement by H.E. Mr. Thabo Mbeki, President of the Republic of South Africa', September 22, 2004. "Yesterday our Secretary General, the Honourable Kofi Annan, spoke eloquently about the three thousand year old code of Hammurabi, and said "That code was a landmark in humanity's struggle to build on order where, instead of might making right, right would make might." We took it that the Secretary General was, in his own elegant way, drawing our attention to the central question of our day – of the uses and abuses of power!" Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/soueng040922.pdf South Korea: H.E. Mr. Ban Ki-moon, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, Republic of Korea, September 24"Terrorism lends renewed urgency to our common endeavors to halt the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and their means of delivery. In particular, the revelations about a nuclear black market network in Asia this year have awakened the international community to the danger of nuclear weapons falling into terrorist hands. Faced with this new kind of threat to nuclear nonproliferation, the international community must work to close the loopholes in the existing nonproliferation regime. Against this backdrop, my government strongly supports Resolution 1540 on Non-Proliferation adopted by the Security Council in April of this year. "The Republic of Korea has actively participated in the efforts of the international community in the non-proliferation field. In February this year, we became the 39th country to ratify the Additional Protocol to the Safeguards Agreement. In June, we joined the "G-8 Global Partnership Against Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction" in order to support joint forces to stem the spread of deadly arsenals. We held the chairmanship of the Nuclear Suppliers Group for the year 2003-4, and we will also host the Plenary Meeting of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) in Seoul next month. These are just a few examples that attest to my government's unwavering commitment to the cause of the non-proliferation of WMD. "Given such a solid commitment on our part, my government reported the recent discoveries about the past scientific experiments involving nuclear materials in my country pursuant to the Additional Protocol to the Safeguards Agreement with IAEA. The experiments were isolated, laboratory-scale research activities that a few scientists conducted on their own for purely experimental purposes. In good faith and with full transparency, my government has been providing full cooperation to the IAEA in its activities to review and verify our declarations on nuclear research activities. "Renewing and reaffirming our commitment to nuclear non-proliferation and the peaceful use of nuclear energy, the government of the Republic of Korea pronounced the "Four Principles for the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy" on 18 September 2004. "First, the Republic of Korea reaffirms that it has no intention of developing or possessing nuclear weapons; Second, the Republic of Korea will firmly maintain nuclear transparency, and will strengthen our cooperation with the international community to this end; Third, the Republic of Korea will faithfully abide by the norms set out in agreements on nuclear non-proliferation, including the NPT and the Joint Declaration of the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula; And fourth, on the basis of international trust and with the highest level of transparency, the Republic of Korea will continue to expand the peaceful use of nuclear energy... "I would now like to turn to one of the most important tasks that lie ahead: resolving the North Korean nuclear issue. The government of the Republic of Korea has been actively engaged in the efforts to bring about a peaceful resolution to this issue through the Six- Party Talks process. "The Republic of Korea firmly believes that the expeditious resolution of the North Korean nuclear issue is in the best interests of all the participating parties to the Six-Party Talks, including the DPRK. The resolution of this issue will certainly have a positive impact on the global nuclear non-proliferation regime. It will also have a profound effect on the relations between North Korea and the other participating countries in the Six-Party Talks. "Upon the resolution of the nuclear issue, North Korea would indeed be able to become a MI-fledged member of the international community, enabling it to gain all the accompanying benefits. It is our fervent wish that North Korea will make a strategic decision to forgo all its nuclear weapon programs, including uranium enrichment programs, in a thorough and transparent manner. "The government of the Republic of Korea also strongly hopes that the fourth round of talks will be held as soon as possible, so that we can engage in substantive discussions on concrete steps toward the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/koreng040924.pdf Spain: H.E. Mr. José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, Prime Minister of Spain, September 21"We will resist terrorism. Our history endorses our resolve. We will pursue our fight against terrorism. But we will always do so within the framework of both domestic and international legality. We will do so always respecting Human Rights and our commitment to the United Nations, and in no other way. It is not only the ethics of our beliefs that move us, but also and above all our belief in ethics. Our conviction is that legality, and only legality, will allows us to prevail in the fight against terrorism... "Thus, redressing the major political and economic injustices that affect our world would deprive terrorists of their popular support. The more people there are who enjoy dignified conditions around the world, the safer we will all be. "In this context, I would like to speak about Iraq. But above all I would like to speak about the thousands of victims of this conflict, about the Iraqis and about the soldiers and civilians who lost their lives. We express our permanent solidarity to them and to their countries. "The overwhelming majority of people in Spain spoke out against the war. We were not persuaded by the reasons given by those who promoted the war. "We expressed this view both at the Spanish Parliament and in the streets. We spoke out loudly, we shouted. We also said that winning the war would be much easier than winning the peace. Peace must be our endeavour. An endeavour that requires more courage, more determination and more heroism than the war itself. That is why the Spanish troops returned from Iraq. "In any event, what really matters now is to contribute to restoring the full sovereignty and independence of Iraq, of a democratic Iraq in peace with its neighbours. We will spare no effort to achieve this goal. Because of this, Spain actively participated in the elaboration of Resolution 1546 and will continue to give political and financial support to the process of political normalisation and to the strengthening of democratic institutions in Iraq... "Peace and security will only spread over the world with the strength of international legality, with the strength of human rights, with the strength of democracy, of abidance by the law. With the strength of equality: equality between women and men, equal opportunities, no matter where people are born..." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/spaeng040921.pdf Swaziland: Hon. Albert H.N. Shabangu, Deputy Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Swaziland, September 23"Future global stability is also threatened by the continuing spread of weapons of mass destruction. "Our failure so far as an organization is due to inability to agree a time frame suitable to all members for arms control and nuclear disarmament. "The Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty are designed as an essential first step towards a world free from the danger that such weapons pose. We clearly need to find a way to strengthen the nonproliferation regime and to prevent the flow of conventional weapons and anti-personnel landmines into the zones of conflicts including terrorists. "The Kingdom of Swaziland therefore calls upon the Conference on Disarmament to implement the proposal of the Non-Aligned Movement by establishing, as its highest priority, an Ad Hoc Committee to begin negotiations on a programme for the complete elimination of nuclear weapons, from those countries which have them within a time-bound framework." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/swaeng040923.pdf Sweden: H.E. Mr. Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden, September 21'Statement by His Excellency Mr. Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden, in the General Debate of the 59th Regular Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations', September 21, 2004. GÖRAN PERSSON, Prime Minister of Sweden: "For the Security Council to remain legitimate, representative and relevant, its composition must better reflect the world of today. Since the adoption of the UN Charter, a small number of countries have emerged as key political and economic powers. These countries should be given a role which is commensurate to their importance. We also need a Security Council that ensures the legitimate interests of small and medium-sized countries. "An expansion of the Security Council should not undermine its efficiency. A way to safeguard this would be to limit the use of the veto power. "I hope that the High-Level Panel will present a bold proposal that will end the present stalemate. A joint seat for the European Union should not be ruled out as an option for the future... "Still, weapons of mass destruction constitute one of the main threats to international peace and security. The threat of terrorism in connection with proliferation of such weapons is real. "The need for strong policies in disarmament and non-proliferation is acute. The nuclear weapon states must show real progress towards disarmament. Efforts to combat proliferation must be strengthened. Compliance with existing treaties leaves much to be desired, and must improve... "The fight against terrorism must be carried out with determination. There are no short cuts; human rights must be respected, international law must be followed... "In Afghanistan, the security situation remains worrying. The attacks against national and international assistance workers are unacceptable. The international community should stand by Afghanistan in building a stable, secure and democratic society... "Four years ago, the resolution 1325 on women, peace and security was passed. It was a groundbreaking achievement. But now we need to do more to translate the common objectives into concrete improvements for women around the world... "International law should guide us in all our collective efforts - to attain freedom from weapons of mass destruction and terrorism, sustainable development and the respect for human rights... "Another issue of serious concern is the use of the death penalty. "For me, as a democrat and humanist, it can never be accepted. "I want us to make every effort to seek the abolishment of the death penalty..." Source: http://www.swedenabroad.com/pages/start____11036.asp. Switzerland: S.E. M. Joseph Deiss President de la Confédération suisse, September 21"the Iraq crisis has shown us that the international community remains attached to a multilateral system for maintaining international peace and security, but that the structures currently in place are no longer appropriate... "A more rapid response does not necessarily mean military intervention. Switzerland has always held the view that force must remain the instrument of last resort. Besides situations of self-defence, force may only be used with the approval of the Security Council and when other methods of persuasion or pressure have been completely exhausted. "A more rapid response also means that the Security Council fully exercise its primary responsibility of maintaining international peace and security, which is conferred upon it in the Charter of the United Nations." Source: Permanent Mission of Switzerland to the United Nations, http://www.eda.admin.ch/newyork_miss/e/home.html. Syria: H.E. Mr. Farouk AL-SHARA’, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Syrian Arab Republic, September 27"The mistakes committed during the world war on terror, whether committed in good faith or in bad faith, became a call to promote and practice terrorism embraced by an enemy, whose whereabouts we do not know. This enemy is striking back through acts that are so horrific they remind us of scenes form the Middle Ages. "The peoples of the developing countries are wondering why would hundreds of fighter jets and thousands of soldiers be hauled across the continents, and why would billions of dollars be spent to bring about a regime-change in a given country when these resources, could be otherwise channeled, even partially to finance education or development projects in these countries? When reform becomes an international and a national demand, how can we justify to those seeking reform that the movers and the shakers of the world chose to impose sanctions instead of investing in peace and prosperity, and chose to spend billions on war instead of opting for the road that would surely lead to reform and progress? ... "... Israel's acquisition of a nuclear arsenal constitutes a major destabilizing factor in the Middle East region that threatens the future of its peoples. "Syria was among the first countries of region to call for declaring the ME a region a zone free from all weapons of mass destruction, primarily nuclear weapons. We have seriously worked for the attainment of this objective. We joined the NPT and concluded a comprehensive safeguards regime agreement with the IAEA. We also contributed to the numerous initiatives to realize this goal. The most recent among those initiatives was the draft resolution we submitted on behalf of the Arab Group to the SC on 29 December 2003. The draft called for the establishment of zone free from all weapons of mass destruction in the ME region, foremost among them nuclear weapons, in the context of a collective international monitoring regime, and under the supervision of the UN which will complement the role of multilateral international conventions regulating disarmament questions." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/syreng040927.pdf Tajikistan: H.E. Mr. Talbak Nazarov, Minister for Foreign Affairs, September 30"Every day we hear about the dangers of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and a struggle against international terrorism. These are the urgent problems and we cannot but be concerned over them since the weapons of mass destruction are capable of destroying tens and hundreds of thousands of human lives, while acts of terror are capable of destabilizing whole countries. Realizing the above, we are full of firm resolution to transform Central Asia into a region free of nuclear weapon." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/tajeng040930.pdf Thailand: H.E. Mr. Surakiart Sathirathai, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Thailand, September 27"We look at the issue of landmines in the same light. They are as much a humanitarian issue as a development one. As President of the Fifth Meeting of the States Parties to the Mine Ban Convention, I have been working with the World Bank to reflect this approach in carrying out the mine action. I am grateful for the Bank's cooperation in realizing the development dimension of the landmine issue. I also appreciate the Bank's readiness to mobilize resources for the training of de-miners and capacity building for survivors so that they may function as productive members of society. We are confident that the World Bank partnership will provide State Parties to the Convention with greater resources to achieve the Convention's goal." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/thaeng040927.pdf Timor Leste: H.E. Dr. José Ramos-Horta, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Timor Leste, September 29"Weapons-producing countries are flooding the world with all types of arms that fuel conflicts. There must be a strict code of conduct on weapons exports aimed at reducing the flow of conventional weapons to poor countries and regions in conflict. Certainly the control of weapons is not an easy task, but we could start by having a strict, binding code along the lines of the Anti-Land Mine Convention. We note that in 2003 rich countries spent some US$700 billion in military expenditure. Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/timeng040929.pdf Tuvalu: H.E. The Honourable Maatia Toafa, Acting Prime Minister of Tuvalu, September 24"Increasingly, however, we are becoming concerned with the real threats of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, and of pollution to the oceans from waste, particularly the transshipment of highly radioactive and toxic materials in our region. We would need to seek the understanding of the international community to help us save our oceans, and support fully the Pacific Islands Regional Ocean Policy adopted by leaders in 2002." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/tuveng040923.pdf Ukraine: H.E. Mr. Kostyantyn Gryshchenko, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Ukraine, September 27"Role of the UN in the field of non-proliferation and disarmament should be also strengthened. "This year Ukraine will mark the 10th anniversary of its accession to the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). The landmark decision to eliminate the third largest nuclear arsenal and relinquish nuclear capability has significantly enhanced international non-proliferation regime and global security. "We hope that this positive example will be followed by countries, which entertain ideas of protecting their security through the access to nuclear weapons... "Almost two decades have passed since Ukraine was struck by another tragedy - Chornobyl disaster. "Ukraine together with other interested delegations put forth an initiative to hold in the framework of the 60th session of UN General Assembly in spring 2006 a special plenary meeting to commemorate the victims of Chornobyl disaster. "Ukraine has fulfilled its commitments related to the closure of Chornobyl nuclear power plant. "What needs to be done today is to construct a new safe confinement. We expect that funds to this purpose promised by G7 in 1995 will be fully provided. "Chornobyl remains a burning wound, which proves every day how fragile is our world and how easily broken is our nature. No one should doubt our commitment to the preserving of our environment. "That is why Ukraine is so sensitive to environmental protection, whether it concerns building of roads, construction of new power plants or reopening of a navigable waterway that existed before." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/ukreng040927.pdf United Arab Emirates: H.E. Mr. Rashid Abdullah Al-Noaimi Minister of Foreign Affairs United Arab Emirates, September 22"Achieving and maintaining security equilibrium in the Middle East and the Gulf region, has become an important priority, which requires development of a comprehensive and non selective policy for building confidence, which is capable of eliminating all existing arsenals of weapons of mass destruction in order to advance the international process of non- proliferation of these weapons. In this context, we look forward to effectuate the outcomes of the recent visit made by the Director of International Atomic Energy Agency to some countries in the region for the purpose of convincing their governments to give up their arsenals of nuclear weapons, which pose a threat to the neighboring countries. In this connection, we renew our appeal to the international community to take all the necessary measures to compel the Israeli government to accede to the non-proliferation treaty, and to subject its nuclear facilities to international inspection supervised by the Agency in order to establish a zone free from weapons of mass destruction in the Middle East and Gulf region." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/uaeeng040922.pdf United Kingdom: the Right Honourable Mr. Jack Straw, Secretary of State for Foreign & Commonwealth Affairs, United Kingdom, September 23"We have shown in these actions the unity of purpose which is one of the strongest weapons in our hands to defeat the evils which today afflict the globe. And the search for consensus has not been confined to the Security Council. I am proud that just a few months after the difficult times of early last year, France, Germany and the United Kingdom came together to work, as we continue to do, on the Iran dossier before the International Atomic Energy Agency... "Yes, I know – how could I forget – that opinions have differed over the rightness of the military action taken in Iraq 18 months ago. But I warrant that no nation is in favour of the terrorist insurgency now occurring there. For we all recognise that what is being attempted by the terrorists in Iraq is an attack both on the Iraqi people and on everything for which this organisation stands: safety, security, human rights. We must come together to defeat the terrorists and their despicable aims." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/ukeng040923.pdf United States: GEORGE W. BUSH, September 21'Bush Proposes Democracy Fund', US Department of State, Washington File, September 21, 2004. REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT IN ADDRESS TO THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY United Nations Headquarters PRESIDENT BUSH: ...The United Nations and my country share the deepest commitments. Both the American Declaration of Independence and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaim the equal value and dignity of every human life. That dignity is honored by the rule of law, limits on the power of the state, respect for women, protection of private property, free speech, equal justice, and religious tolerance. That dignity is dishonored by oppression, corruption, tyranny, bigotry, terrorism and all violence against the innocent. And both of our founding documents affirm that this bright line between justice and injustice -- between right and wrong -- is the same in every age, and every culture, and every nation. Wise governments also stand for these principles for very practical and realistic reasons. We know that dictators are quick to choose aggression, while free nations strive to resolve differences in peace. We know that oppressive governments support terror, while free governments fight the terrorists in their midst. We know that free peoples embrace progress and life, instead of becoming the recruits for murderous ideologies. Every nation that wants peace will share the benefits of a freer world. And every nation that seeks peace has an obligation to help build that world. Eventually, there is no safe isolation from terror networks, or failed states that shelter them, or outlaw regimes, or weapons of mass destruction. Eventually, there is no safety in looking away, seeking the quiet life by ignoring the struggles and oppression of others. In this young century, our world needs a new definition of security. Our security is not merely found in spheres of influence, or some balance of power. The security of our world is found in the advancing rights of mankind. These rights are advancing across the world -- and across the world, the enemies of human rights are responding with violence. Terrorists and their allies believe the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the American Bill of Rights, and every charter of liberty ever written, are lies, to be burned and destroyed and forgotten. They believe that dictators should control every mind and tongue in the Middle East and beyond. They believe that suicide and torture and murder are fully justified to serve any goal they declare. And they act on their beliefs. In the last year alone, terrorists have attacked police stations, and banks, and commuter trains, and synagogues -- and a school filled with children. This month in Beslan we saw, once again, how the terrorists measure their success -- in the death of the innocent, and in the pain of grieving families. Svetlana Dzebisov was held hostage, along with her son and her nephew -- her nephew did not survive. She recently visited the cemetery, and saw what she called the "little graves." She said, "I understand that there is evil in the world. But what have these little creatures done?" Members of the United Nations, the Russian children did nothing to deserve such awful suffering, and fright, and death. The people of Madrid and Jerusalem and Istanbul and Baghdad have done nothing to deserve sudden and random murder. These acts violate the standards of justice in all cultures, and the principles of all religions. All civilized nations are in this struggle together, and all must fight the murderers. We're determined to destroy terror networks wherever they operate, and the United States is grateful to every nation that is helping to seize terrorist assets, track down their operatives, and disrupt their plans. We're determined to end the state sponsorship of terror -- and my nation is grateful to all that participated in the liberation of Afghanistan. We're determined to prevent proliferation, and to enforce the demands of the world -- and my nation is grateful to the soldiers of many nations who have helped to deliver the Iraqi people from an outlaw dictator. The dictator agreed in 1991, as a condition of a cease-fire, to fully comply with all Security Council resolutions -- then ignored more than a decade of those resolutions. Finally, the Security Council promised serious consequences for his defiance. And the commitments we make must have meaning. When we say "serious consequences," for the sake of peace, there must be serious consequences. And so a coalition of nations enforced the just demands of the world. Defending our ideals is vital, but it is not enough. Our broader mission as U.N. members is to apply these ideals to the great issues of our time. Our wider goal is to promote hope and progress as the alternatives to hatred and violence. Our great purpose is to build a better world beyond the war on terror... Because we believe in human dignity, the world must have more effective means to stabilize regions in turmoil, and to halt religious violence and ethnic cleansing. We must create permanent capabilities to respond to future crises. The United States and Italy have proposed a Global Peace Operations Initiative. G8 countries will train 75,000 peacekeepers, initially from Africa, so they can conduct operations on that continent and elsewhere. The countries of the G8 will help this peacekeeping force with deployment and logistical needs... Freedom is finding a way in Iraq and Afghanistan -- and we must continue to show our commitment to democracies in those nations. The liberty that many have won at a cost must be secured. As members of the United Nations, we all have a stake in the success of the world's newest democracies. Not long ago, outlaw regimes in Baghdad and Kabul threatened the peace and sponsored terrorists. These regimes destabilized one of the world's most vital -- and most volatile -- regions. They brutalized their peoples, in defiance of all civilized norms. Today, the Iraqi and Afghan people are on the path to democracy and freedom. The governments that are rising will pose no threat to others. Instead of harboring terrorists, they're fighting terrorist groups. And this progress is good for the long-term security of us all. The Afghan people are showing extraordinary courage under difficult conditions. They're fighting to defend their nation from Taliban holdouts, and helping to strike against the terrorists killers. They're reviving their economy. They've adopted a constitution that protects the rights of all, while honoring their nation's most cherished traditions. More than 10 million Afghan citizens -- over 4 million of them women -- are now registered to vote in next month's presidential election. To any who still would question whether Muslim societies can be democratic societies, the Afghan people are giving their answer. Since the last meeting of this General Assembly, the people of Iraq have regained sovereignty. Today, in this hall, the Prime Minister of Iraq and his delegation represent a country that has rejoined the community of nations. The government of Prime Minister Allawi has earned the support of every nation that believes in self-determination and desires peace. And under Security Council resolutions 1511 and 1546, the world is providing that support. The U.N., and its member nations, must respond to Prime Minister Allawi's request, and do more to help build an Iraq that is secure, democratic, federal, and free. A democratic Iraq has ruthless enemies, because terrorists know the stakes in that country. They know that a free Iraq in the heart of the Middle East will be a decisive blow against their ambitions for that region. So a terrorists group associated with al-Qaeda is now one of the main groups killing the innocent in Iraq today -- conducting a campaign of bombings against civilians, and the beheadings of bound men. Coalition forces now serving in Iraq are confronting the terrorists and foreign fighters, so peaceful nations around the world will never have to face them within our own borders. Our coalition is standing beside a growing Iraqi security force. The NATO Alliance is providing vital training to that force. More than 35 nations have contributed money and expertise to help rebuild Iraq's infrastructure. And as the Iraqi interim government moves toward national elections, officials from the United Nations are helping Iraqis build the infrastructure of democracy. These selfless people are doing heroic work, and are carrying on the great legacy of Sergio de Mello. As we have seen in other countries, one of the main terrorist goals is to undermine, disrupt, and influence election outcomes. We can expect terrorist attacks to escalate as Afghanistan and Iraq approach national elections. The work ahead is demanding. But these difficulties will not shake our conviction that the future of Afghanistan and Iraq is a future of liberty. The proper response to difficulty is not to retreat, it is to prevail. The advance of freedom always carries a cost, paid by the bravest among us. America mourns the losses to our nation, and to many others. And today, I assure every friend of Afghanistan and Iraq, and every enemy of liberty: We will stand with the people of Afghanistan and Iraq until their hopes of freedom and security are fulfilled. These two nations will be a model for the broader Middle East, a region where millions have been denied basic human rights and simple justice. For too long, many nations, including my own, tolerated, even excused, oppression in the Middle East in the name of stability. Oppression became common, but stability never arrived. We must take a different approach. We must help the reformers of the Middle East as they work for freedom, and strive to build a community of peaceful, democratic nations... Because I believe the advance of liberty is the path to both a safer and better world, today I propose establishing a Democracy Fund within the United Nations. This is a great calling for this great organization. The fund would help countries lay the foundations of democracy by instituting the rule of law and independent courts, a free press, political parties and trade unions. Money from the fund would also help set up voter precincts and polling places, and support the work of election monitors. To show our commitment to the new Democracy Fund, the United States will make an initial contribution. I urge other nations to contribute, as well... History will honor the high ideals of this organization. The charter states them with clarity: "to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war," "to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights," "to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom." Let history also record that our generation of leaders followed through on these ideals, even in adversity. Let history show that in a decisive decade, members of the United Nations did not grow weary in our duties, or waver in meeting them. I'm confident that this young century will be liberty's century. I believe we will rise to this moment, because I know the character of so many nations and leaders represented here today. And I have faith in the transforming power of freedom. Source: US State Department, http://usinfo.state.gov. Uzbekistan: H.E. Mr. Sodiq Safaev, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Uzbekistan, September 27"The establishing of a nuclear-weapons-free zone in Central Asia remains one of the priorities of our foreign policy. We again call upon the UN Security Council permanent members to work out in cooperation with the states of the region a consolidated position on the provisions of the Treaty and its Protocol. We trust that the establishment of this NWFZ would become an important element of the global nuclear non-proliferation regime. Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/uzbeng040927.pdf Yemen: H.E. Mr. Abubakr Al-Qirbi, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Yemen, September 24"I wish to affirm my country's position of support to the United Nations efforts regarding arrangements for the convening of a disarmament conference which aims, inter alia, at the establishment of the Middle East region as a zone free of weapons of mass destruction. To this end, Israel must accede to the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/yemeng040924.pdf Zambia: H.E. Mr. Levy Patrick Mwanawasa, President of the Republic of Zambia, September 21"It is essential that we take advantage of the immense problem-solving potential of multilateralism. "Unilateralism should have no place in this global era. "Zambia reaffirms its support for the United Nations' initiatives in the fight against global terrorism and the proliferation of small arms and any forms of weapons of mass destruction." Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/zameng040921.pdf Zimbabwe: H.E. R. G. Mugabe, President of the Republic of Zimbabwe, September 22"Iraq today has become a vast inferno created by blatant and completely illegal and defiant acts of aggression by the United States, Britain and their allies, in the full trail of which the world has witnessed mass destruction of both human lives and property, and with them our human rights, values, morality and the norms of international law as enshrined in our Charter. Source: http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/zimeng040922.pdf © 2002 The Acronym Institute. |